Which of the following would the community health nurse include in an assessment of community systems?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Community health nurse assesses community systems like health care providers for availability and accessibility. Step 2: This assessment helps in identifying resources and gaps in healthcare services. Step 3: Understanding health care providers aids in planning interventions for community health improvement. Step 4: Water quality reports (B) are important but not directly related to assessing community systems. Step 5: Morbidity patterns (D) focus on health outcomes, not the systems themselves. Step 6: Age, gender, and race (A) are demographic characteristics, not community systems.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Strengthen community engagement. During the continuously improve the community phase of MAPP framework, the nurse will focus on enhancing community involvement and participation in health initiatives. This is crucial for sustainable improvements in community health outcomes. Strengthening community engagement involves building relationships, fostering collaboration, and empowering community members to take ownership of their health. Choice A: Completing partner profiles may be important for resource identification but does not directly relate to improving community health in this phase. Choice C: Performing Community Partners Assessment is more related to the organizing phase of MAPP framework. Choice D: Establishing Community Health Improvement leadership is essential but not specifically mentioned in the continuously improve the community phase.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Long distances to health care facilities. In rural areas, access to health care facilities can be limited due to long distances, leading to delays in seeking care. This barrier is significant because it can result in difficulties accessing timely medical services, impacting health outcomes. Lack of insurance coverage (A) is a barrier, but not specific to rural areas. Low prevalence of chronic diseases (C) is irrelevant to access barriers. Availability of trained health professionals (D) is important, but not the most common barrier in rural areas.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To identify the most pressing health issues in the community. The primary goal of a needs assessment in community health is to understand the specific health needs of the community to effectively allocate resources and address key health issues. By identifying the most pressing health issues, stakeholders can prioritize interventions and programs to improve the overall health of the community. Evaluating the success of existing programs (A) is important but not the primary goal of a needs assessment. Developing a budget (C) comes after identifying needs. Measuring the availability of health care providers (D) is relevant but not the primary focus of a needs assessment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cohort study. In a cohort study, the nurse can follow a group of individuals over time (longitudinal study) to observe the development of lung cancer in relation to smoking habits. This study design allows for the establishment of temporal relationships and can determine if smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer. Explanation of other choices: A: Cross-sectional study - This type of study captures data at a single point in time and does not show causality or temporal relationships. C: Case-control study - This study design is retrospective and compares individuals with and without the disease to identify potential risk factors. It may not establish temporal relationships as effectively as a cohort study. D: Experimental study - In an experimental study, the nurse would intervene by assigning participants to different groups (smokers vs. non-smokers) and observing outcomes. However, this design may not be ethical or feasible when studying the relationship between smoking and lung cancer.