ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following will happen when isotonic fluid is added to the ECF?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When isotonic fluid is added to the ECF, the concentration of solutes in the ECF remains the same as the ICF. Thus, there will be no osmotic gradient to drive fluid movement between the ECF and ICF, resulting in no net fluid shift. Option A is incorrect because in an isotonic solution, there is no concentration gradient to drive fluid from ICF to ECF. Option C is incorrect as fluid will not shift from ECF to ICF due to the isotonic nature of the added fluid. Option D is incorrect as adding isotonic fluid does not affect solute movement between the ECF and ICF. Thus, the correct answer is B.
Question 2 of 5
A patient arrives in the ED very hypovolemic related to excretion of 'at least 3 gallon jugs of urine in the past 24 hours.' He describes the urine as being clear-like water. The physician suspects diabetes insipidus. The nurse should be prepared to administer which of the following medications?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP). Desmopressin is a synthetic analogue of vasopressin that acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, reducing urine output in diabetes insipidus. This medication helps to concentrate the urine and restore fluid balance in hypovolemic patients. Choice B: Benadryl is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties and is not indicated for treating diabetes insipidus. Choice C: Calcium gluconate is used to treat calcium deficiencies and has no role in managing diabetes insipidus. Choice D: Prednisone is a corticosteroid used for its anti-inflammatory properties and is not the appropriate treatment for diabetes insipidus. In summary, Desmopressin (DDAVP) is the correct choice as it directly targets the underlying cause of diabetes insipidus by promoting water reabsorption in the
Question 3 of 5
A 26-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of schizophrenia has been admitted with suspected hyponatremia after consuming copious quantities of tap water. Given this diagnosis, what clinical manifestations and lab results should the nurse anticipate the patient will exhibit?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Muscle weakness, lethargy, and headaches. In hyponatremia, there is a decrease in sodium levels in the blood leading to neurological symptoms. Muscle weakness is common due to altered nerve conduction, lethargy results from brain cell swelling, and headaches can occur due to cerebral edema. These symptoms align with the patient's suspected diagnosis of hyponatremia from excessive water intake. A: High urine specific gravity, tachycardia, and a weak, thready pulse - These symptoms are more indicative of dehydration rather than hyponatremia. B: Low blood pressure, dry mouth, and increased urine osmolality - These symptoms are more characteristic of hypernatremia, not hyponatremia. C: Increased hematocrit and blood urea nitrogen and seizures - These findings are not typical manifestations of hyponatremia.
Question 4 of 5
An 81-year-old female has a long-standing diagnosis of hypocalcemia secondary to kidney disease. She will be moving into an assisted living facility shortly. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nursing staff at the facility likely observe in this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Muscular spasms and complaints of tingling in the hands/feet. Hypocalcemia can lead to neuromuscular irritability, causing muscular spasms and tingling sensations in the extremities. Low levels of calcium can affect nerve function, leading to these symptoms. Loss of appetite and nausea (choice A) are not typically associated with hypocalcemia. High fluid intake and copious urine output (choice C) are more indicative of conditions like diabetes insipidus or uncontrolled diabetes. Lethargy and change in level of consciousness (choice D) are more commonly seen in severe cases of hypocalcemia, which may manifest as seizures or even coma.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with a diagnosis of hypocalcemia is being treated with calcium gluconate. Which nursing intervention is essential while administering this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A: While administering calcium gluconate for hypocalcemia, monitoring for bradycardia and hypotension is essential due to the potential risk of cardiac arrhythmias with rapid calcium infusion. Bradycardia and hypotension are common signs of calcium gluconate toxicity. Therefore, close monitoring of vital signs is crucial to prevent serious complications. Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: Checking for signs of increased intracranial pressure is not directly related to calcium gluconate administration for hypocalcemia. C: Observing for symptoms of hyperkalemia is not relevant as calcium gluconate does not typically cause hyperkalemia. D: Evaluating for nausea and vomiting post-administration is not a priority compared to monitoring for bradycardia and hypotension, which are more critical potential side effects of calcium gluconate.