Which of the following was not part of Freud's psychoanalysis?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the correct answer is B) Exposure. Freud did not include exposure as a formal technique in his psychoanalysis approach. Dream analysis (option A) was a significant component of Freud's psychoanalysis. He believed that analyzing dreams could provide insight into the unconscious mind. Free association (option C) was another fundamental technique where patients freely expressed thoughts, feelings, and memories to uncover unconscious conflicts. Hypnosis (option D) was also utilized by Freud initially but later he moved away from it due to its limitations in accessing the unconscious mind. Understanding the differences between these techniques is crucial for students studying psychobiologic disorders. This knowledge provides insight into the historical development of psychoanalytic theory and how different techniques were used to explore the unconscious mind. It also highlights the importance of critical thinking and discerning between various therapeutic approaches in the field of psychology.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) is distracted/inattentive. Persuasion via simplistic arguments is more likely to work when the target of persuasion is distracted or inattentive because they are less likely to critically engage with the information presented to them. In such cases, simple and straightforward arguments have a higher chance of being accepted without much scrutiny. Option B) being unintelligent is not a determining factor in the effectiveness of simplistic arguments for persuasion. Intelligence does not necessarily correlate with the ability to be persuaded by simplistic arguments. Option C) having a weak attitude about the subject might actually make the person more resistant to persuasion, as they may have preconceived notions or biases that prevent them from easily accepting new information, even if presented in a simplistic manner. Option D) being conscientious means being thorough and careful, which would suggest that the person is more likely to critically evaluate arguments, making them less susceptible to simplistic persuasion techniques. From an educational perspective, understanding the factors that influence the effectiveness of persuasive communication is crucial for students studying psychobiologic disorders. This knowledge can help them develop more effective communication strategies when working with individuals who may have different levels of attentiveness or attitudes towards the subject matter.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Holding the hand of another person suggests relatedness. Usually, a child with an autism spectrum disorder would resist holding someones hand and stand or walk alone, perhaps flapping arms or moving in a stereotyped pattern. The incorrect options reflect behaviors that are consistent with autism spectrum disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate treatment modality for a 12-year-old diagnosed with ADHD to improve relationships with other children is option C) Social skills group. This choice is correct because social skills groups are specifically designed to help individuals, especially children, develop and enhance their social interaction abilities. Social skills groups provide a structured and supportive environment where children can learn and practice essential social skills such as effective communication, active listening, empathy, conflict resolution, and cooperation. These skills are crucial for building and maintaining positive relationships with peers. Option A, Reality therapy, focuses more on personal responsibility and making choices, which may not directly address the social skills deficits that are common in individuals with ADHD. Option B, Simple restitution, typically involves making amends for a wrongdoing and is not directly related to improving social skills. Option D, Insight-oriented group therapy, delves into deeper emotional issues and self-awareness, which may not be the most effective approach for addressing the specific goal of improving social relationships in this case. For educational context, it is important for healthcare professionals, including nurses, to understand the specific needs of individuals with ADHD and tailor treatment approaches accordingly. Social skills deficits are common in children with ADHD, and interventions like social skills groups can play a vital role in helping them navigate social interactions successfully. By participating in a social skills group, the child can learn and practice essential social skills in a supportive setting, ultimately improving their relationships with peers and boosting their overall social functioning.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Central nervous system stimulants, such as methylphenidate and pemoline (Cylert), increase blood flow to the brain and have proved helpful in reducing hyperactivity in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The other medication categories listed would not be appropriate.