Which of the following was most likely the reason for using naloxone in the patient's detoxification program?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Naloxone is commonly used in detoxification programs to discourage the intravenous abuse of opioids like buprenorphine. By adding naloxone to the buprenorphine/naloxone combination, it can help deter individuals from misusing the medication by injection. This combination is often used to prevent the euphoric effects of opioids if injected, making naloxone a suitable choice for this purpose.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The symptoms described in the patient, such as nystagmus, difficulty concentrating, and a pounding heart, suggest overstimulation of the central nervous system. A Glutamate receptor antagonist would help counteract this overstimulation by blocking the excitatory effects of glutamate, providing immediate relief to the patient.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Naltrexone, an opiate receptor antagonist, was likely administered to the patient to facilitate avoidance from ethanol dependence, as research suggests that compulsive alcohol drinking is influenced by opiate receptor activity. Naltrexone helps reduce the rewarding effects of alcohol, making it easier for the patient to abstain from drinking.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's presentation of agitation, diaphoresis, disorientation, mydriasis, unreactive pupils, and nystagmus is consistent with Phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication. PCP is known to produce hallucinations, altered mental status, and physiological effects similar to those described in the case, making it the most likely cause of the patient's signs and symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The symptoms described, such as headache, depression, lack of motivation, and confusion, are commonly associated with benzodiazepine withdrawal, which includes drugs like Diazepam. This drug is used to treat anxiety and withdrawal symptoms can mimic the patient's presentation. The other options do not typically cause the specific symptoms mentioned in the scenario, making Diazepam the most likely culprit.