Which of the following was most likely a site of this anorectic action of amphetamines?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The lateral hypothalamus is known to be involved in the regulation of hunger and satiety. Amphetamines, which act by increasing catecholamine release in the central nervous system, can suppress appetite by affecting the lateral hypothalamus. This region plays a key role in regulating feeding behavior and energy balance, making it a likely site of anorectic action for drugs like amphetamines.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dextroamphetamine would be the most appropriate choice for this patient as it is a stimulant commonly used to treat ADHD. It can help improve focus, attention, and impulse control in individuals with ADHD. Since the girl admitted to occasional marijuana use, medications like methylphenidate (A) or clonidine (B) may not be as effective due to potential interactions or lack of effectiveness. Alprazolam (D) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety, not ADHD. Atomoxetine (E) is another medication for ADHD, but dextroamphetamine is often preferred based on patient response and history.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Buprenorphine is a partial µ (mu) opioid agonist that is more potent than morphine and has effects that are not readily antagonized by naloxone. This makes it a suitable choice for a patient with severe pain, such as one suffering from colon cancer. Buprenorphine can provide effective pain relief without the risk of easy reversal by naloxone, making it the most likely drug administered in this case.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Buprenorphine, as a partial agonist at µ (mu) receptors and a full agonist at κ (kappa) receptors, is a suitable choice for managing pain in a patient with osteoarthritis. Its dual mechanism of action can provide effective pain relief while reducing the risk of tolerance and dependence associated with full opioid agonists. Therefore, in the case of worsening joint pain in an osteoarthritis patient, buprenorphine would be a likely choice to alleviate the pain effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Constriction of the renal vascular bed is a common effect of opioids like morphine, which can help reduce fluid overload and improve cardiac function in patients with impending pulmonary edema. This constriction leads to a decrease in renal blood flow and subsequently decreases the filtration of fluid into the kidneys, alleviating symptoms of pulmonary edema. This effect helps to reduce the patient's overall fluid volume and cardiac workload, contributing to the therapeutic benefit in the context of heart failure.