Which of the following was a significant public health achievement during the Progressive Era (1890–1920) in the United States?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because during the Progressive Era, significant efforts were made to address public health issues, particularly for child welfare. Community health programs focusing on child welfare were established to improve living conditions, nutrition, and overall well-being of children. This was a crucial public health achievement as it aimed to reduce infant mortality rates and improve the health outcomes of children. A: The Social Security Act was not created during the Progressive Era; it was established in 1935 as part of the New Deal under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. B: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was not established during the Progressive Era; it was founded in 1946 to address and prevent infectious diseases. D: The World Health Organization (WHO) was founded in 1948, after the Progressive Era, to address global health issues and promote public health worldwide.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The eradication of smallpox. This achievement is directly linked to the widespread distribution of vaccines in the 20th century, particularly the smallpox vaccine developed by Edward Jenner. Smallpox is the only infectious disease to have been eradicated globally, thanks to successful vaccination campaigns. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because tuberculosis, malaria, and polio have not been eradicated despite the availability of vaccines. Tuberculosis remains a major global health burden, malaria is still prevalent in many regions, and although significant progress has been made in reducing polio cases, it has not been completely eradicated.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1798. The U.S. Public Health Service was established in 1798 by President John Adams. It was created to provide medical care to sick and disabled seamen. This date aligns with the historical timeline of the U.S. government's efforts to address public health concerns. Choice B: 1801 is incorrect as it does not match the established year of 1798. Choice C: 1850 and choice D: 1900 are also incorrect as they are much later dates and do not correspond to the establishment of the U.S. Public Health Service.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The global eradication of smallpox. This milestone occurred in the mid-20th century, specifically in 1980. The eradication of smallpox was a significant achievement in public health history, accomplished through a worldwide vaccination campaign led by the World Health Organization. This achievement marked the first time a contagious disease was eradicated through human efforts. Choice B is incorrect because the tuberculosis vaccine was developed earlier in the 20th century, specifically in the 1920s. Choice C is incorrect as the discovery of the influenza virus dates back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries, not specifically in the mid-20th century. Choice D is incorrect as the United Nations Health Program was established in the 1940s, not specifically in the mid-20th century.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The Public Health Act. This Act, passed in the 19th century, focused on improving public health by addressing issues such as sanitation, water supply, and housing conditions. It introduced provisions for local authorities to take action to improve living conditions, leading to the improvement of housing conditions in England. A: The Poor Law Amendment Act focused on providing relief to the poor, not specifically on housing conditions. B: The Housing and Town Planning Act came later in the 20th century and focused more on urban planning and development. D: The Health and Safety at Work Act primarily deals with workplace safety regulations, not housing conditions.