Which of the following vitamins resembles with hormone

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vitamin D. Vitamin D resembles a hormone because it acts as a hormone in the body, regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. It is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight, similar to hormone synthesis. Vitamin K, A, and E do not function as hormones in the body and have different roles such as blood clotting (K), vision and immune function (A), and antioxidant activity (E), respectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Gout is indeed a familial metabolic disease characterized by acute arthritis caused by monosodium urate deposits in joints. The term "familial" indicates a genetic predisposition to the condition. Choice B is incorrect because gout is not a random occurrence but rather a metabolic disorder. Choice C, "All," is incorrect as it implies that every possible consideration about gout is true, which is not the case. Choice D, "None," is also incorrect as there are specific characteristics and features associated with gout that make it distinguishable from other conditions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because etidronate is actually a 1st generation biphosphonate, not a 2nd generation one. The skeletal half-life of etidronate is short, not hundreds of days like option A suggests. Bioavailability of etidronate decreases with the administered dose, making option B incorrect. In summary, etidronate is a 1st generation biphosphonate with a short skeletal half-life and decreasing bioavailability with higher doses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Amiloride (Midamor). Amiloride is typically given in combination with a thiazide diuretic to counteract potassium loss caused by thiazides. Thiazides like Hydrochlorothiazide (Choice C) and loop diuretics like Furosemide (Choice B) can lead to hypokalemia, which is why amiloride is used to spare potassium. Acetazolamide (Choice A) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and is not typically combined with thiazide diuretics for potassium-sparing effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because aminoglycosides are known to cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity as unwanted effects. Ototoxicity refers to damage to the inner ear structures, leading to hearing loss or imbalance, while nephrotoxicity refers to kidney damage. Pancytopenia (choice A) is not typically associated with aminoglycosides. Hepatotoxicity (choice B) is not a common side effect of aminoglycosides. Irritation of gastrointestinal mucosa (choice D) is also not a known adverse effect of aminoglycosides.