Which of the following vaccines is not done by intramuscular (IM) injection?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) Tetanus toxoids. The rationale behind this is that Tetanus toxoid vaccine is typically administered via intramuscular (IM) injection. This is because IM injections are generally preferred for vaccines that require deeper tissue penetration and allow for better absorption into the bloodstream. On the other hand, options A, B, and C are all vaccines that are commonly administered via intramuscular injection. For example, the Measles vaccine, DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus) vaccine, and Hepatitis B vaccine are all recommended to be given through IM injection to ensure proper delivery and absorption. Educationally, understanding the route of administration for vaccines is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure proper vaccine administration, efficacy, and patient safety. Knowing which vaccines are administered via which routes, such as IM or subcutaneous, helps in providing optimal care and preventing medication errors. This knowledge is essential in pharmacology practice to maintain patient health and prevent adverse reactions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pediatric care, the correct answer is A) Wheezing. Referral to the hospital is crucial when a child with severe disease exhibits wheezing because it can indicate a compromised respiratory status, potentially leading to respiratory distress or failure. Option B) Stop feeding well may be a concern but does not necessarily warrant immediate hospital referral unless it is accompanied by other severe symptoms that compromise the child's health. Option C) Fast breathing can be a sign of respiratory distress but may not always require hospitalization unless it is persistent, severe, or associated with other concerning symptoms. Option D) Difficulty to awaken is a serious symptom but may not directly indicate the need for immediate hospital referral unless it is accompanied by other critical signs of deterioration. Educationally, understanding the significance of different symptoms in pediatric patients helps healthcare providers make informed decisions about the urgency of care and appropriate interventions to ensure the well-being of children with severe diseases. Recognizing the specific signs that warrant hospital referral is essential in providing timely and effective care to pediatric patients in critical conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) Encephalitis. Measles, caused by the rubeola virus, can lead to various complications, with encephalitis being the most common and serious. Encephalitis is characterized by inflammation of the brain and can result in neurological deficits and even death. Option B) Otitis Media is incorrect as it refers to an infection of the middle ear, which can occur as a complication of respiratory infections but is not the most common complication of measles. Option C) Bronchiectasis is also incorrect as it is a chronic condition characterized by abnormal widening of the bronchial tubes, usually resulting from lung infections or other inflammatory conditions, not directly related to measles. It is important for nurses to understand the potential complications of infectious diseases like measles to provide appropriate care, education, and preventive measures to patients and communities. Understanding the most common complications such as encephalitis helps nurses prioritize interventions and monitor patients for signs and symptoms to prevent adverse outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Health deficit. In this scenario, the possibility of other family members contracting cholera due to exposure to the sick son represents a health deficit. A health deficit refers to a lack or insufficiency in health, such as the risk of developing illness due to environmental factors. Option A) Foreseeable crisis is incorrect because a crisis has not yet occurred, it is a potential health issue. Option B) Health threat is not the best choice because it does not encompass the idea of an existing lack in health that the family members may experience. Option D) Crisis is not the most suitable answer as it implies an immediate and urgent situation, whereas the scenario described is more about a potential health issue that may arise. In an educational context, understanding the concept of health deficits is crucial in healthcare as it helps healthcare professionals assess and address potential health risks before they escalate into crises. By recognizing health deficits early, interventions can be implemented to prevent health issues and promote overall well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) an essential and indispensable equipment of the community health nurse. This option is correct because the community/Public Health Bag is a crucial tool for a community health nurse as it contains all the necessary supplies and equipment needed to provide care and support during home visits. It ensures that the nurse is well-prepared to address various health needs and emergencies in the community setting. Option A is incorrect because while home visits may require specific tools and resources, the community/Public Health Bag is not a requirement for conducting home visits. It is a resource that enhances the nurse's ability to provide effective care during these visits. Option C is incorrect because the bag not only contains medications but also various supplies and equipment essential for providing comprehensive care, not just limited to medications and articles. Option D is incorrect because while the community/Public Health Bag may assist in rendering effective nursing procedures during a home visit, its primary role is to provide the necessary tools and equipment for holistic care rather than solely focusing on procedural aspects. Educationally, understanding the importance of the community/Public Health Bag highlights the significance of being well-prepared and equipped as a community health nurse. It emphasizes the need for proper planning and organization to deliver quality care in diverse community settings, showcasing the essential role of resources in nursing practice.