ATI RN
Genitourinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following v agents is indicated in a 25 year old female is * diagnosed with genital herpes simplex virus infection?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Valacyclovir. 1. Valacyclovir is an antiviral drug used to treat herpes simplex infections, including genital herpes. 2. It works by stopping the virus from multiplying in the body. 3. Amantadine (A) is used for influenza A virus, not herpes. 4. Lamivudine (C) is used for HIV and hepatitis B, not herpes. 5. Zanamivir (D) is used for influenza, not herpes.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following antiviral drug most commonly used drug for prevention * and treatment of CMV infections in the immunocompromised patients?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ganciclovir. Ganciclovir is the most commonly used antiviral drug for prevention and treatment of CMV infections in immunocompromised patients because it is a nucleoside analog that inhibits viral DNA polymerase, thus preventing viral replication. Ganciclovir has a specific activity against CMV, making it effective for treating CMV infections. Choice B: Indinavir is a protease inhibitor used in HIV treatment, not for CMV infections. Choice C: Amantadine is an antiviral drug used for influenza A treatment, not for CMV infections. Choice D: Foscarnet is a pyrophosphate analog that inhibits viral DNA polymerase but is typically used as a second-line treatment for CMV due to its side effects and toxicity compared to Ganciclovir.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following statement about retroviral protease inhibitors? *
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because retroviral protease inhibitors specifically target the protease enzyme in HIV, which is essential for viral replication at an early step. This disrupts the maturation of new viral particles, inhibiting viral replication. Choice B is incorrect as zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, not a protease inhibitor. Choice C is incorrect as protease inhibitors are known to inhibit CYP3A4, leading to drug interactions, but not all of them interact with many other drugs. Choice D is incorrect as it combines two separate statements without providing accurate information.
Question 4 of 5
A 5 year old child has been brought with intestinal obstruction due to * clumping of roundworms. Which of the following anthelmintic which administered by orogastric tube can relax the balls of ascaris and relieve the obstruction?:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Piperazine. Piperazine paralyzes the muscles of the roundworms, causing them to relax and detach from the intestinal walls, which helps in relieving the obstruction. Levamisole and Mebendazole work by different mechanisms and are not as effective for this specific situation. Pyrantel pamoate primarily causes paralysis in the worms but may not be as effective as Piperazine in relaxing the balls of ascaris.
Question 5 of 5
Which antibiotics should be avoided in patients of liver disease?: *
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tetracycline. Tetracycline should be avoided in patients with liver disease due to its potential hepatotoxicity. Tetracycline is known to cause liver damage and can worsen the condition in patients with pre-existing liver disease. Summary of other choices: B: Cotrimoxazole - Generally safe in patients with liver disease. C: Cephalexin - Safe for use in patients with liver disease. D: Ethambutol - Not associated with liver toxicity, safe to use in patients with liver disease.