Which of the following treatments is used for rectal cancer but not for colon cancer?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of rectal cancer versus colon cancer treatment, understanding the key differences in management strategies is crucial. The correct answer is C) Radiation. Radiation therapy is often used specifically for rectal cancer due to its anatomical proximity to surrounding structures such as the pelvic organs. Rectal cancer treatment commonly involves a combination of radiation and surgery to effectively target the tumor and reduce the risk of local recurrence. Option A) Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment that can be used for both rectal and colon cancer to target cancer cells throughout the body. It is not a treatment that distinguishes between the two types of cancer based on location. Option B) Colonoscopy is a diagnostic procedure used to visualize the colon and rectum for abnormalities such as polyps or tumors. While it is essential for screening and surveillance in both colon and rectal cancers, it is not a treatment modality. Option D) Surgical resection is a common treatment approach for both rectal and colon cancer, involving the removal of the tumor along with surrounding healthy tissue. However, the key difference lies in the extent and type of surgery needed based on the location and stage of the cancer, rather than being exclusive to rectal cancer. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the nuances in treatment modalities for different types of gastrointestinal cancers. It underscores the need for tailored approaches in oncology based on tumor location, stage, and individual patient factors to optimize outcomes and minimize risks associated with each treatment option.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the early stages of peritonitis, a client would exhibit abdominal pain and rigidity, which is the correct answer (B). Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity. Abdominal pain and rigidity are hallmark signs of peritonitis due to irritation of the peritoneum by infectious agents or chemicals. The pain is usually sudden and severe, worsens with movement or coughing, and the abdomen becomes rigid due to involuntary guarding to protect the inflamed area. Option A, abdominal distention, is more characteristic of conditions like bowel obstruction or gas accumulation rather than early peritonitis. Option C, hyperactive bowel sounds, are more indicative of early obstruction or gastroenteritis, not peritonitis. Option D, right upper quadrant pain, is more commonly associated with conditions affecting the liver or gallbladder, such as cholecystitis, rather than peritonitis. Educationally, understanding the progression and presentation of peritonitis is crucial for nurses caring for patients at risk. Recognizing the early signs can lead to prompt intervention and prevent further complications. Nurses need to be able to differentiate between various abdominal conditions to provide timely and appropriate care to patients experiencing acute abdominal pain.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In a client with peritonitis, the correct laboratory result that would be expected is a white blood cell count above 15,000 (Option D). Peritonitis is an inflammatory process involving the peritoneum, often caused by infection. This leads to an increased white blood cell count as the body tries to fight off the infection. Option A, partial thromboplastin time above 100 seconds, is not typically associated with peritonitis. Peritonitis is more likely to affect the white blood cell count rather than clotting factors. Option B, hemoglobin level below 10 mg/dL, is not a direct result of peritonitis. Hemoglobin levels may be affected by bleeding or anemia but are not a specific marker for peritonitis. Option C, potassium level above 5.5 mEq/L, is not a common finding in peritonitis. Elevated potassium levels are more commonly seen in conditions like renal failure or severe tissue damage. Understanding the specific laboratory findings associated with peritonitis is crucial for nurses caring for patients with this condition. Recognizing these abnormalities can help in early identification and prompt treatment of peritonitis, which is essential in preventing complications and improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the medical management of a client with peritonitis, the therapy that is not included is a regular diet (Option D). Peritonitis is a serious condition characterized by inflammation of the peritoneum, often caused by infection. In this context, providing a regular diet could exacerbate symptoms and lead to complications such as bowel obstruction or perforation. Broad-spectrum antibiotics (Option A) are essential in treating peritonitis as they target the infection causing the inflammation. Electrolyte replacement (Option B) is crucial because peritonitis can lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances due to vomiting, diarrhea, and sequestration of fluids in the peritoneal cavity. Intravenous (IV) fluids (Option C) are necessary to maintain hydration, support organ function, and help manage the systemic effects of peritonitis. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind each option reinforces the importance of tailored interventions in managing peritonitis. By grasping the significance of specific therapies, nursing students can enhance their clinical decision-making skills and provide effective care for clients with peritonitis. It also underscores the critical role nurses play in the multidisciplinary approach to treating complex conditions like peritonitis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of a client with peritonitis, the priority focus of nursing management is maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance (Option A). Peritonitis is a serious condition characterized by inflammation of the peritoneum, which can lead to fluid shifts, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. Addressing fluid and electrolyte balance is crucial in stabilizing the client's condition and preventing complications such as hypovolemic shock. Gastric irrigation (Option B) is not a priority in the management of peritonitis as it may exacerbate the inflammatory process and lead to further complications. Pain management (Option C) is important in providing comfort to the client but is secondary to addressing the physiological imbalances caused by peritonitis. Psychosocial issues (Option D) should also be addressed but are not the immediate priority in the acute phase of peritonitis. In an educational context, understanding the prioritization of nursing interventions based on the client's condition is essential for providing safe and effective care. By focusing on the underlying pathophysiology and immediate needs of the client, nurses can optimize outcomes and promote recovery in clients with complex medical conditions like peritonitis.