Which of the following toys should the nurse recommend for a 5-month-old?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, selecting appropriate toys for children is crucial for their developmental needs, safety, and age-appropriateness. For a 5-month-old infant, option D, a colorful busy box, is the most suitable choice. The correct answer is D because at 5 months, infants are beginning to explore objects with their hands and mouths. A colorful busy box offers various textures, colors, and shapes that can stimulate their senses and promote sensory-motor development. It encourages grasping, shaking, and exploring, which are important for their fine motor skills. Option A, a big red balloon, poses a choking hazard for infants due to their limited ability to chew or remove objects from their mouths. Option B, a teddy bear with button eyes, also presents a choking hazard as the buttons can be easily pulled off and swallowed. Option C, a push-pull wooden truck, may be too complex for a 5-month-old to engage with as they are still developing basic motor skills. Educationally, understanding age-appropriate toys is essential for providing safe and developmentally supportive care to pediatric patients. By recommending toys like the colorful busy box, nurses can facilitate appropriate play experiences that enhance a child's growth and learning while ensuring their safety.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric respiratory distress, the primary goal of post-resuscitation care for a neonate is to support lung function and oxygenation (Option C). This is crucial because respiratory distress in neonates can lead to hypoxemia, which can have severe consequences on their overall health and wellbeing. By focusing on supporting lung function and oxygenation, healthcare providers aim to ensure that the neonate receives adequate oxygen to meet the body's metabolic demands, preventing further complications. Option A, preventing infection, while important in overall neonatal care, is not the primary goal in the immediate post-resuscitation phase. Similarly, maintaining normal blood glucose levels (Option B) and ensuring normal temperature regulation (Option D) are essential aspects of neonatal care but take a secondary role to supporting lung function and oxygenation in the context of post-resuscitation care. Educationally, understanding the priority of interventions in pediatric respiratory distress is key for nurses and healthcare providers working in neonatal settings. By recognizing the primary goal of post-resuscitation care, healthcare professionals can prioritize their actions effectively to optimize outcomes for neonates experiencing respiratory distress. This knowledge enhances patient safety and quality of care in neonatal units, contributing to better overall patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, recognizing signs of neonatal hypoglycemia is crucial for timely intervention. The correct answer is A) Jitteriness and tremors. Neonates with hypoglycemia often exhibit neurologic signs such as jitteriness and tremors due to inadequate glucose supply to the brain. It is essential to identify these signs early to prevent serious complications like seizures and brain injury. Option B) Excessive crying is not typically a sign of neonatal hypoglycemia. While infants may cry when they are hungry or uncomfortable, it is not a specific indicator of low blood sugar levels. Option C) High-pitched cry is also not a typical sign of neonatal hypoglycemia. Infants may have varying cries for different reasons, but a high-pitched cry is not specifically associated with hypoglycemia. Option D) Poor feeding can be a sign of hypoglycemia in neonates, but it is not as specific or early a sign as jitteriness and tremors. Poor feeding can be caused by various factors, so it is essential to look for more specific neurological signs like jitteriness when suspecting hypoglycemia. Educationally, understanding the signs and symptoms of neonatal hypoglycemia is vital for pediatric nurses to provide prompt and appropriate care. By recognizing these signs early, nurses can intervene effectively to prevent complications and promote optimal outcomes for neonates at risk for hypoglycemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the rationale behind physical assessment findings is crucial for providing effective care to children. In this case, the correct answer is B) Underdeveloped abdominal muscles. The protruding abdomen in an 18-month-old child can be explained by the underdeveloped abdominal muscles at this age. Infants and young children have less developed muscle tone compared to adults, which can lead to a protruding abdomen appearance. As children grow and develop, their abdominal muscles strengthen, and this protrusion typically diminishes. Option A) Increased food intake owing to age is incorrect because while toddlers may experience increased appetite and food intake, it does not directly cause a protruding abdomen. Option C) Bowlegged posture is unrelated to the abdominal protrusion and is more related to skeletal development in the lower body. Option D) Linear growth curve does not explain the protruding abdomen but rather describes the pattern of growth over time. Educationally, understanding normal growth and development patterns in children is essential for pediatric nurses to differentiate between normal variations and potential concerns. By knowing the age-appropriate physical assessment findings, nurses can provide accurate assessments, interventions, and education to support the health and well-being of pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Reaction formation. Reaction formation is a defense mechanism where an individual expresses the opposite of what they truly feel or desire because the true feelings are too anxiety-provoking to acknowledge. In the case of the hospitalized school-age child stating, "I'm not afraid of this place, I'm not afraid of anything," the child is likely displaying reaction formation by outwardly denying any fear due to an overwhelming sense of anxiety about the hospital environment. This defense mechanism helps the child cope with the distressing situation by presenting a facade of fearlessness. Regarding why the other options are incorrect: - A) Regression involves reverting to an earlier stage of development in the face of stress, which is not evident in the child's statement. - B) Repression involves unconsciously blocking out thoughts or feelings, which is not reflected in the child's overt statement. - D) Rationalization is a mechanism where logical-sounding reasons are given to justify unacceptable behaviors or feelings, which is not demonstrated in the child's statement. This educational context enhances understanding of pediatric nursing interventions by highlighting the psychological aspects of coping mechanisms that children may employ when faced with stressful situations such as hospitalization. Recognizing these defense mechanisms can assist nurses in providing holistic care and support to pediatric patients experiencing respiratory distress.