Which of the following terms describes the volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cardiac output (CO, D) is the volume of blood ejected by the heart per minute (CO = HR × SV, ~5 L/min at rest). EDV (A) is pre-contraction volume, SV (B) is per beat, HR (C) is beats per minute, and BP (E) is pressure, not volume.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Fibrillation (C) is rapid, uncoordinated beating (e.g., atrial or ventricular). Heart block (A) is conduction failure, tachycardia (B) is fast but coordinated, and bradycardia (D) is slow.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Blood flows from the left ventricle through: artery (aorta), arteriole, capillary, venule, vein (B). A reverses artery-arteriole, C misorders, D starts with veins.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Blood flows fastest in arteries (B, ~300-500 mm/s) due to high pressure and large diameter. Capillaries (C, ~0.3 mm/s), venules (A), and arterioles (D) are slower due to smaller size or lower pressure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Angiotensin II constricts arterioles and stimulates aldosterone release (A), increasing BP via resistance and volume. B, C, D mismatch its effects.