Which of the following symptoms should the nurse closely monitor for in a client with a compartment syndrome in the upper arm?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a client with compartment syndrome in the upper arm, the nurse should closely monitor for Volkmann's contracture. Volkmann's contracture is a serious complication of untreated or inadequately treated compartment syndrome, where there is ischemia and necrosis of the muscles in the forearm leading to a flexion contracture of the hand and fingers. Option A) Epicondylitis is inflammation of the tendons that attach to the epicondyles of the humerus, commonly seen in tennis players. It is not directly related to compartment syndrome in the upper arm. Option B) Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition involving compression of the median nerve at the wrist. It typically presents with symptoms in the hand and fingers, not in the upper arm where compartment syndrome occurs. Option D) Ganglion cyst is a noncancerous lump that most commonly develops along the tendons or joints of wrists or hands. It is not a symptom associated with compartment syndrome in the upper arm. Educationally, understanding the complications of compartment syndrome like Volkmann's contracture is crucial for nurses to provide prompt intervention and prevent long-term disabilities. Monitoring for specific symptoms allows for early detection and appropriate management, emphasizing the importance of thorough neurovascular assessments in patients at risk for compartment syndrome.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Replace the patient's splint in hyperextension position. This requires immediate intervention because in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), maintaining the wrist in a hyperextended position can exacerbate symptoms by compressing the median nerve further. This action could lead to increased pain, numbness, and tingling in the affected hand. Option A is incorrect because arranging the patient's lunch tray and cutting the meat is not directly related to worsening CTS symptoms. Option B, providing warm water and assisting with a bath, may actually help relax the muscles and alleviate some discomfort associated with CTS. Option D, reminding the patient not to lift very heavy objects, is a good general precaution for CTS but does not require immediate intervention in this scenario. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the pathophysiology of CTS and the implications of certain actions on symptom management. Nurses must be vigilant in preventing actions that can worsen a patient's condition, especially in cases like CTS where proper positioning and splinting are crucial for symptom relief.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this NCLEX question regarding the location of the lobe of the cerebrum just above the ear, the correct answer is B) Temporal lobe. The temporal lobe is situated on the sides of the brain near the ears and is responsible for processing auditory information, language comprehension, and memory functions. The incorrect options are: A) Parietal lobe: This lobe is located at the top of the brain and is primarily involved in processing sensory information, spatial awareness, and perception of stimuli. C) Frontal lobe: Positioned at the front of the brain, the frontal lobe is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as decision-making, problem-solving, and voluntary movement. D) Occipital lobe: Found at the back of the brain, the occipital lobe is dedicated to processing visual information from the eyes. Understanding the specific functions and locations of each lobe of the cerebrum is crucial in health assessment and neurological examinations. Knowledge of neuroanatomy aids in assessing patients with neurological conditions, recognizing symptoms related to different brain regions, and providing appropriate care interventions. It is important for nurses and healthcare professionals to have a solid understanding of the brain's structure and function to deliver optimal patient care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: **Rationale:** **Correct Answer (B):** Sensitivity to light is a characteristic feature of tension headaches. This symptom, known as photophobia, is commonly associated with this type of headache. Tension headaches are typically described as a dull, aching pain that can be felt on both sides of the head. **Incorrect Answers:** - **A) A heavy feeling over the frontal region:** This description is more indicative of a sinus headache rather than a tension headache. Sinus headaches are often localized to the frontal region of the head. - **C) Pressure or steady constriction on both sides of the head:** This option closely aligns with the typical description of a tension headache, but sensitivity to light is a more specific symptom associated with tension headaches. - **D) Headache and temporary unilateral paralysis:** This symptom is not characteristic of tension headaches but may be more indicative of a more serious neurological condition that requires immediate medical attention. **Educational Context:** Understanding the characteristics and symptoms of different types of headaches is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially nurses, who regularly assess and manage patients with neurological complaints. By recognizing specific features of tension headaches, such as sensitivity to light, nurses can provide appropriate care and educate patients on symptom management strategies. This knowledge is essential for accurate assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of a client who is relatively immobile for the rest of their life, the correct answer is A) Bladder infection. Immobility can lead to several complications, including urinary stasis, which increases the risk of bladder infections. Bladder infections occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract and multiply, leading to symptoms such as urinary urgency, frequency, and burning. In immobile clients, the ability to fully empty the bladder may be compromised, creating a conducive environment for bacterial growth. Option B) Diarrhea is less likely to develop in a relatively immobile client unless there are specific underlying causes unrelated to immobility. Option C) Paralysis is a severe consequence of immobility rather than a condition likely to develop. Option D) Bladder inflammation may occur but is less common than a full-blown infection in this scenario. Educationally, understanding the implications of immobility on the urinary system is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers caring for immobile clients. It highlights the importance of preventive measures such as proper hygiene, hydration, and regular bladder emptying to reduce the risk of complications like bladder infections.