ATI RN
Vital Signs Physical Assessment Techniques Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following symptoms is relevant to the gastrointestinal system?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nausea. Nausea is a symptom related to the gastrointestinal system as it often indicates issues such as stomach problems or digestive disturbances. It can be caused by various gastrointestinal conditions like gastritis, gastroenteritis, or peptic ulcers. Cough (A) and chest pain (B) are more likely related to respiratory or cardiac issues, respectively. Polyuria (D) is a symptom of excessive urination, pointing towards potential kidney or endocrine system problems, not the gastrointestinal system.
Question 2 of 5
During an eye assessment, the nurse uses the Snellen chart to test the patient's visual acuity. Which result is considered normal?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 20/20. In the Snellen chart, the first number represents the distance at which the test is performed (usually 20 feet) and the second number represents the distance at which a person with normal vision can read the same line. A person with 20/20 vision can read at 20 feet what a person with normal vision can read at 20 feet. Therefore, a result of 20/20 indicates normal visual acuity. Choices A, C, and D all indicate vision impairment as they represent the ability to read at a distance closer than 20 feet compared to a person with normal vision.
Question 3 of 5
A 28-year-old woman presents with a complaint of chronic headaches that are worse in the morning and are associated with nausea and vomiting. She also reports blurred vision. Neurological examination reveals papilledema. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Intracranial hypertension. This condition presents with chronic headaches that are worse in the morning, associated with nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, and papilledema on neurological examination. The increased intracranial pressure causes these symptoms. Migraine (A), cluster headache (B), and tension-type headache (C) typically do not present with papilledema or blurred vision.
Question 4 of 5
A 70-year-old man with a history of hypertension presents with shortness of breath and orthopnea. His physical examination reveals bilateral pedal edema, crackles at the lung bases, and jugular venous distention. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Congestive heart failure. This diagnosis is likely due to the patient's history of hypertension, presenting symptoms of shortness of breath, orthopnea, bilateral pedal edema, crackles at lung bases, and jugular venous distention. These findings are classic signs of congestive heart failure, indicating impaired heart function leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs and peripheral tissues. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (choice A) typically presents with a history of smoking, productive cough, and wheezing, not consistent with this patient's presentation. Pulmonary embolism (choice C) would present with sudden onset dyspnea and chest pain, not gradual symptoms as seen here. Renal failure (choice D) can cause fluid retention, but the combination of symptoms and signs in this patient points more towards congestive heart failure.
Question 5 of 5
A 70-year-old man presents with a complaint of severe, crushing chest pain that radiates to his left arm. He has a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Myocardial infarction. Given the patient's age, risk factors (hypertension, diabetes), and symptoms (severe chest pain radiating to left arm), myocardial infarction is the most likely diagnosis. In myocardial infarction, there is a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle leading to tissue damage. Angina (choice A) is similar but is usually relieved by rest or medication. Aortic dissection (choice C) presents with sudden, severe chest or back pain. Pulmonary embolism (choice D) typically presents with sudden shortness of breath and chest pain worsened by breathing.