Which of the following sympathomimetics is preferable for the emergency therapy of cardiogenic shock?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dobutamine. In cardiogenic shock, dobutamine is preferred due to its positive inotropic effects, which increase contractility and cardiac output. Epinephrine (A) has potent vasoconstrictive effects that may worsen coronary perfusion. Isoproterenol (C) can lead to tachycardia and worsen myocardial oxygen demand. Methoxamine (D) is a vasoconstrictor and may further decrease cardiac output in cardiogenic shock. In summary, dobutamine is preferred for cardiogenic shock due to its positive inotropic effects without significant vasoconstriction or tachycardia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Thiopental. Thiopental is used intravenously as anesthesia due to its rapid onset and short duration of action, making it suitable for induction of anesthesia. Phenobarbital, Flurazepam, and Zolpidem are not typically used for anesthesia due to slower onset, longer duration, and different mechanisms of action. Thiopental's pharmacokinetic profile and effectiveness in inducing anesthesia make it the most appropriate choice among the options provided.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is the first-line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia due to its efficacy in reducing nerve firing and alleviating neuropathic pain. It works by blocking sodium channels in neurons. Lamotrigine (A) is more commonly used for epilepsy. Topiramate (C) is effective for migraine prevention but less so for trigeminal neuralgia. Valproate (D) is not typically used for trigeminal neuralgia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Opioid analgesics with affinity for the mu receptor exert their principal central nervous system effects through various mechanisms. 1. Analgesia: Opioids bind to mu receptors, inhibiting pain transmission in the CNS. 2. Respiratory depression: Stimulation of mu receptors in the brainstem suppresses the respiratory drive. 3. Euphoria: Activation of mu receptors in the limbic system can induce feelings of euphoria. Therefore, all these effects are collectively produced by opioids with mu receptor affinity. Other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass the comprehensive range of central nervous system effects associated with this class of analgesics.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Thromboembolism. Aspirin is commonly used prophylactically to prevent blood clots and reduce the risk of thromboembolic events, such as heart attacks and strokes. It inhibits platelet aggregation, making it effective in preventing clot formation. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (A), peptic ulcers (B), and metabolic acidosis (D) are not conditions for which aspirin is typically used prophylactically. Pulmonary edema is treated with diuretics, peptic ulcers with proton pump inhibitors, and metabolic acidosis with appropriate fluid and electrolyte management.