Which of the following suggestions should a nurse give breast-feeding mothers to prevent or eliminate mastitis and breast abscess?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option A: "Offer the opposite breast at each feeding to their infants." This recommendation is effective in preventing or eliminating mastitis and breast abscesses for breast-feeding mothers. When a mother consistently offers the opposite breast at each feeding, both breasts are emptied regularly, reducing the risk of milk stasis and subsequent infection. Option B, "Minimize frequent nursing of the infants," is incorrect because frequent nursing actually helps in preventing mastitis by ensuring proper milk drainage from the breasts. Limiting nursing can lead to engorgement and an increased risk of infection. Option C, "Avoid breast-feeding," is also incorrect as breast-feeding provides numerous benefits for both the mother and the infant. It is not the act of breast-feeding itself that causes mastitis but rather improper drainage or milk stasis. Option D, "Avoid bathing or showering regularly," is incorrect as hygiene practices like regular bathing and showering are essential for overall health and well-being. Good hygiene can actually help prevent infections rather than cause them. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to understand the importance of proper breast-feeding techniques and management to support mothers in their breast-feeding journey. By providing accurate information and guidance, healthcare professionals can empower mothers to prevent complications like mastitis and breast abscesses, promoting maternal and infant health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Between the ages of 11 and 26 years is the recommended time for this immunization. The HPV vaccine is recommended for females aged 11-26 to prevent HPV infections, which can lead to cervical cancer. Starting vaccination early provides the best protection before potential exposure to the virus. Option A is incorrect as waiting until sexual activity can leave the individual vulnerable to HPV. Option B is incorrect as the recommended age range is 11-26, not 25-30. Option D is incorrect as the timing of menstrual periods is not a factor in determining when to get the HPV vaccine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the left lateral position with knees and hips flexed. This position allows for better visualization and access to the rectal area. The patient's left side is facing up, which helps in maintaining comfort and stability during the examination. Knees and hips flexed further facilitate the examination process. A: Lithotomy position is used for gynecological exams, not rectal exams. B: Prone position with knees fully extended does not provide adequate access to the rectal area. C: Bending over the table with feet everted is not an appropriate position for a rectal examination as it does not allow for proper visualization and access.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because testicular torsion presents with sudden onset of severe pain and swelling in the scrotum. This is due to the twisting of the spermatic cord, leading to compromised blood flow to the testicle. The severe pain is a key indicator of this emergency condition, as it indicates ischemia and necrosis of the testicle if not promptly treated. Choice A is incorrect because a light red glow on transillumination is not a typical finding in testicular torsion. Choice B is incorrect because testicular edema in torsion is usually associated with pain. Choice C is incorrect because a pulling sensation and dull ache are more commonly seen in conditions like epididymitis rather than testicular torsion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Running 7 to 8 miles daily can lead to amenorrhea due to excessive exercise-induced stress on the body, affecting hormone levels and menstrual cycle. This is known as exercise-induced amenorrhea. Choices A, C, and D do not directly correlate with amenorrhea. Choice A indicates a healthy calcium intake. Choice C suggests the presence of an IUD, which is not typically associated with amenorrhea. Choice D indicates a history of STI, which may not directly cause amenorrhea.