ATI RN
Questions About the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following substances is activated by passage through the pulmonary circulation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Angiotensin 1. When blood passes through the pulmonary circulation, angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin 1 by the enzyme renin. This activation occurs in the lungs. Bradykinin, serotonin, and noradrenaline are not activated in the pulmonary circulation. Bradykinin is a peptide released during inflammation, serotonin is a neurotransmitter, and noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter and hormone. Therefore, D is the only substance activated by passage through the pulmonary circulation.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a male client with emphysema who is receiving oxygen. The nurse assesses the oxygen flow rate to ensure that it does not exceed:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 2 L/min. The rationale is that in emphysema, high oxygen flow rates can cause oxygen toxicity. The recommended maximum flow rate for patients with emphysema is typically 2 L/min to prevent oxygen toxicity. Choice A (1 L/min) may not provide sufficient oxygen, choice C (6 L/min) and choice D (10 L/min) are too high and can lead to oxygen toxicity in patients with emphysema. Therefore, choice B is the most appropriate and safe option for this client.
Question 3 of 5
A client who is human immunodeficiency virus-positive has had a Mantoux skin test. The nurse notes a 7-mm area of induration at the site of the skin test. The nurse interprets the results as:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Positive. In individuals with HIV, a positive Mantoux test is considered when the induration is 5 mm or greater. A 7-mm area of induration indicates a positive result, suggesting an immune response to the tuberculin antigen, potentially due to latent tuberculosis infection. The other choices are incorrect because a 7-mm induration in an HIV-positive client is not considered negative, inconclusive, or indicative of the need for repeat testing based on current guidelines.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse recognizes that a rising PaCO2 level in a COPD patient means that:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer C is correct: 1. In COPD, impaired lung function leads to inadequate ventilation and CO2 retention. 2. Rising PaCO2 indicates inadequate CO2 removal, leading to respiratory acidosis. 3. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by low pH and high PaCO2 levels. 4. This condition can worsen COPD symptoms and lead to respiratory failure. Summary: Option A is incorrect as rising PaCO2 indicates hypoxemia. Option B is incorrect as ventilation-perfusion imbalance worsens in COPD. Option D is incorrect as anticholinergics do not directly affect PaCO2 levels in COPD.
Question 5 of 5
In describing the parts of the respiratory system, the word 'septum' designates a partition in the
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: nasal cavities. The term "septum" refers to a partition or dividing wall that separates two cavities. In the context of the respiratory system, the nasal septum divides the nasal cavities into left and right sides. This separation helps to regulate airflow and also provides structural support for the nasal passages. Other choices are incorrect because: A: The larynx is not typically associated with a septum. It is primarily responsible for vocalization and protecting the airway. C: The pharynx is a passageway for air and food, but it does not contain a septum dividing it into distinct sections. D: The glottis is the space between the vocal cords in the larynx and does not have a septum separating it into parts.