Which of the following structures separates the lung into lobes?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: fissure. A fissure is a deep groove or division that separates the lung into lobes. Each lung has fissures that divide it into lobes: the right lung has an oblique fissure and a horizontal fissure, while the left lung has an oblique fissure. The mediastinum (A) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. The root (C) is the area where structures such as blood vessels and bronchi enter or exit the lung. The pleura (D) is a membrane that covers the lungs but does not separate them into lobes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it correctly lists the branches of the bronchial tree in order: trachea-primary bronchi-secondary bronchi-tertiary bronchi-bronchioles-terminal. The trachea divides into the primary bronchi, which further divide into secondary bronchi, followed by tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, and finally terminal bronchioles. Choice A is incorrect because it lists "primary bronchi_trachea" which is out of order and "tertiary_bronchioles" instead of "tertiary bronchi." Choice C is incorrect because it combines the incorrect order of branches from both A and B. Choice D, "itis," is not a valid term related to the branches of the bronchial tree.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D is correct: 1. Post-pneumonectomy, positioning the patient on the left side allows the remaining lung to expand fully. 2. This position promotes better ventilation and perfusion, aiding in oxygenation. 3. Placing the patient on the left side also helps prevent pressure on the surgical site. 4. The left side-lying position also facilitates drainage and prevents pooling of secretions in the surgical area. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A. High Fowler position may cause increased pressure on the surgical site and impede lung expansion. B. Semi-Fowler position may not optimize lung expansion and could lead to decreased oxygenation. C. Right side-lying position is not ideal as it does not facilitate full expansion of the remaining lung and may cause pooling of secretions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a sudden spike in blood pressure to 198/110 mm Hg is considered hypertensive crisis requiring immediate medical attention. The nurse should inform the client that diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring are necessary to address the high blood pressure. This is important to prevent serious complications like stroke or heart attack. Option A is incorrect because waiting a few weeks for a BP recheck could be dangerous in this scenario. Option B is also incorrect as simple dietary changes may not be sufficient to address such high blood pressure levels. Option D is incorrect as hospitalization may or may not be required based on the assessment and treatment plan determined by the healthcare provider.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because new-onset confusion, restlessness, and cool clammy skin are signs of poor perfusion and potential deterioration. The nurse should assess this patient first to address possible acute changes in condition. Option A, dizziness after captopril, can be important but not immediately life-threatening. Option C receiving IV nesiritide is stable and monitored closely. Option D with oxygen and crackles indicates pulmonary congestion but is not an immediate priority compared to the signs of poor perfusion in option B.