Which of the following structures is responsible for the mechanical and chemical digestion of food, as well as the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The stomach is the organ responsible for the mechanical and chemical digestion of food. When food enters the stomach, it is mixed with stomach acid and enzymes to break down the food into smaller particles. This process helps prepare the food for further digestion and absorption of nutrients. The stomach also plays a key role in the absorption of some nutrients, such as certain vitamins and minerals. Additionally, the stomach's muscular contractions help mix the food with digestive enzymes and propel the partially digested food into the small intestine for further processing and absorption. The liver, pancreas, and large intestine have vital functions in the digestive system, but the stomach is the primary organ responsible for the initial digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Actively listening to what is being said is a key component of effective communication that is culturally competent. By listening attentively and showing genuine interest in understanding the perspective of the speaker, you are better able to grasp the nuances of their communication style, values, and beliefs. This allows for more effective communication that takes into consideration the cultural context of the person you are communicating with. Developing active listening skills helps in building rapport, fostering understanding, and promoting mutual respect in cross-cultural interactions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When controlling severe external bleeding from an extremity, the recommended action is to apply direct pressure with a sterile dressing. Direct pressure helps to stop the bleeding by promoting clot formation and reducing blood flow from the wound. This method is effective in most cases and should be the first response to control bleeding. Elevating the extremity above the level of the heart can be helpful in some cases, but direct pressure is the initial recommended action. Applying a tourniquet proximal to the injury site should only be done as a last resort when other methods are not successful, as it can lead to complications such as tissue damage. Removing any impaled objects can actually worsen the bleeding and should be avoided unless necessary for immediate life-saving measures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Colchicine is a medication commonly prescribed to prevent and treat acute attacks of gout. It works by reducing inflammation caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. Colchicine is effective in relieving pain and reducing swelling during gout attacks. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage due to potential side effects such as gastrointestinal upset. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that can be used for pain relief but is not specific for gout treatment. Probenecid is used for chronic gout by helping the kidneys remove uric acid, not for acute gout attacks. Hydrocortisone is a steroid that may be used in some cases but is not a first-line treatment for acute gouty arthritis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the case of a displaced fracture of the distal radius and ulna, the preferred initial treatment is typically closed reduction and splinting. Closed reduction involves manually realigning the fractured bones without the need for surgery. Splinting is then utilized to immobilize the wrist and forearm to allow for proper healing of the fracture. This approach is often effective in realigning the bones and stabilizing the injury, allowing for adequate healing without the need for more invasive interventions like surgery. Following the initial management with closed reduction and splinting, the patient's progress will be monitored, and further interventions may be considered based on the specific characteristics of the fracture and the patient's response to treatment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The best approach in dealing with a nurse who is resistant to change and not actively participating is to communicate and encourage verbalizing feelings about the change. By talking with the nurse and allowing them to express their concerns and feelings, you can address any underlying issues that may be causing the resistance. This approach can help build trust, improve communication, and ultimately increase the nurse's engagement in the change process. Coercion (Choice A) can create negative feelings and resistance, while ignoring the nurse's resistance (Choice D) will not resolve the issue. Providing positive rewards (Choice B) may be helpful but may not address the underlying reasons for resistance. Communication is key in addressing resistance to change and fostering a positive, open environment for all involved.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse should encourage the parents to relate to each twin individually to enhance the attachment process. Building a strong attachment between the parents and each twin individually is vital for their emotional and psychological development. By spending quality one-on-one time with each twin, the parents can foster a unique bond with them, which can positively impact their relationship and overall development. This approach also helps prevent favoritism and ensures that each twin receives the attention and care they need to thrive.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), fluid irrigation is commonly used to distend the bladder and flush out tissue debris. However, it is important to prioritize preventing fluid overload in the patient. Limiting the duration of irrigation fluid instillation is a crucial action to prevent excessive fluid absorption and subsequent fluid overload. Prolonged irrigation may lead to an increased risk of fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances, which can result in serious complications such as hyponatremia and fluid volume excess. Monitoring the patient's serum electrolyte levels can be important, but limiting the duration of irrigation is a more immediate and proactive measure to prevent fluid overload. Administering diuretic medications before the procedure may not be appropriate without assessing the patient's specific fluid status and needs. Adjusting the irrigation fluid temperature, while important for hemostasis, does not directly

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Insulin glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting insulin that is typically administered once daily at the same time each day to help maintain a steady level of insulin in the body. It is important to rotate injection sites within the same body region (such as the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm) to prevent lipodystrophy (lumpiness or dents in the skin) and to ensure consistent absorption of the insulin. Proper rotation of injection sites helps to prevent tissue damage and ensures optimal insulin absorption, improving the effectiveness of insulin therapy. It is not necessary to inject insulin glargine before meals, vigorously shake the vial, or administer it with a rapid-acting insulin.