ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions and Answers on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following structures is not part of the bronchial tree?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: alveoli. The alveoli are not part of the bronchial tree; they are the tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchial tree where gas exchange occurs. The bronchial tree consists of the bronchi, terminal bronchioles, and respiratory bronchioles, which are responsible for conducting air into the lungs. Alveoli are located at the end of the respiratory bronchioles and are where oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is released. Therefore, alveoli are not considered part of the bronchial tree.
Question 2 of 5
which actions occur in inhalation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because during inhalation, the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, expanding the chest cavity which increases its volume. This decrease in pressure inside the lungs allows air to rush in. Therefore, all the actions mentioned in options A, B, and C occur during inhalation. Rib muscle and diaphragm contraction, increased volume in the chest cavity, and decreased air pressure collectively facilitate the process of inhalation. The other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass all the necessary actions that occur during inhalation.
Question 3 of 5
The patient with asthma is prescribed a leukotriene modifier drug, montelukast (Singulair). Which statement describes an advantage of this medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because montelukast is a leukotriene modifier that works by reducing inflammation and promoting bronchodilation in asthma patients. This helps in managing asthma symptoms and improving lung function. A is incorrect because montelukast can cause mild GI side effects such as nausea and diarrhea. C is incorrect because while montelukast helps in controlling asthma symptoms, it does not provide immediate relief during acute episodes. D is incorrect because montelukast is typically used as an add-on therapy and not as a replacement for all other asthma medications.
Question 4 of 5
Which action should the nurse in the hypertension clinic take to obtain an accurate baseline blood pressure (BP) for a new client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because having the client sit in a chair with feet flat on the floor is the recommended position for accurate baseline BP measurement. This position ensures proper alignment of the heart and the cuff, reducing errors caused by arm positioning. Choice A is incorrect as deflating the cuff at a rate of 30 mm Hg per second is not related to obtaining an accurate baseline BP measurement. Choice C is incorrect as measuring BP in the supine position can lead to inaccurate readings due to changes in blood flow dynamics. Choice D is incorrect as obtaining two BP readings in the dominant arm and averaging the results may not provide an accurate baseline BP measurement due to variations in BP readings between arms.
Question 5 of 5
A client who has chronic heart failure tells the nurse 'I was fine when I went to bed but I woke up in the middle of the night feeling like I was suffocating!' How should the nurse document this finding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. This finding describes the sudden onset of severe shortness of breath at night, commonly seen in patients with chronic heart failure due to fluid redistribution when lying down. Orthopnea (A) is difficulty breathing when lying flat, not specifically at night. Pulsus alternans (B) is a regular rhythm with alternating strong and weak pulses, not related to this patient's symptom. Acute bilateral pleural effusion (D) is a buildup of fluid in the lungs, not a sudden onset symptom like in this case.