Which of the following stimulants is related to psychedelics?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "ecstasy" (methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Ecstasy is related to psychedelics due to its hallucinogenic effects, altering sensory perception and mood. It acts on serotonin receptors, similar to classic psychedelics like LSD. Incorrect choices: B: Cocaine - Cocaine is a stimulant but not related to psychedelics. It primarily affects dopamine levels in the brain. C: "crack" (cocaine free base) - Crack is a form of cocaine, also primarily impacting dopamine levels. D: Caffeine - Caffeine is a stimulant that primarily affects adenosine receptors, not related to psychedelics.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Erythropoietin does not influence leucopoiesis because it specifically stimulates the production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis). Filgrastim (A) increases white blood cell production, Doxorubicin (C) suppresses bone marrow function impacting white blood cell production, and Methotrexate (D) inhibits cell proliferation including white blood cells. Therefore, B is the correct answer as it does not affect leucopoiesis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why B (Dobutamine) is the correct answer: 1. Dobutamine is a selective beta-1 agonist, primarily targeting β1-adrenergic receptors in the heart. 2. It increases cardiac contractility and heart rate, making it useful in treating heart failure and cardiogenic shock. 3. Digoxin (A) is a cardiac glycoside, Amrinone (C) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and Dopamine (D) acts on multiple receptors. 4. Thus, the specific action of dobutamine on beta-1 receptors distinguishes it as the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Atenolol is a beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drug, specifically a beta-1 selective blocker. It works by reducing the heart rate and blood pressure, making it effective in treating angina. Dipyridamole is a vasodilator, not a beta blocker. Validol is a mild sedative and antispasmodic, not a beta blocker. Alinidine is an antiarrhythmic drug acting on the alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, not a beta blocker. Therefore, Atenolol is the correct choice as it directly targets beta-adrenoceptors to reduce anginal symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Plasmoexpanders. Plasmoexpanders are used to increase circulating blood volume in cases of hypovolemic shock. By increasing plasma volume, plasmoexpanders help restore tissue perfusion and improve blood pressure. Positive inotropic drugs (A) increase the force of heart contractions, vasoconstrictors (B) constrict blood vessels, and analeptics and tonics (D) stimulate the central nervous system - none of which directly address the issue of reduced circulating blood volume in shock. Plasmoexpanders are the most appropriate choice for treating hypovolemic shock as they specifically target the underlying cause of reduced blood volume.