Which of the following steroids is an androgen?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Testosterone is an androgen hormone primarily produced in the testes. 2. Androgens are responsible for male characteristics and reproductive functions. 3. Progesterone is a female sex hormone, not an androgen. 4. Estrogen is also a female sex hormone, not an androgen. 5. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone, not an androgen. Summary: Testosterone is the correct answer as it is a male sex hormone with androgenic properties. Progesterone, estrogen, and aldosterone are not androgens and do not exhibit the same functions as testosterone.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why Choice C is correct: 1. The pancreas secretes hormones like insulin and glucagon. 2. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels, while glucagon raises them. 3. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. 4. Disruption in their secretion can lead to diseases like diabetes. Summary: Choice A is incorrect because the pancreas does not secrete steroids related to sugar, salt, and sex. Choice B is incorrect because the pancreas is not controlled by the adenohypophysis. Choice D is incorrect because the pancreas does not secrete iodine-containing hormones that regulate the basal metabolic rate.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: acute adrenal insufficiency. Abrupt withdrawal of prednisone can lead to adrenal insufficiency due to suppression of the adrenal glands' natural cortisol production. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, abdominal pain, and low blood pressure. Cushing syndrome (choice A) is caused by excessive cortisol, hypocalcemic tetany (choice B) is due to low calcium levels, and diabetes insipidus (choice C) is a disorder of water balance regulation, not related to prednisone withdrawal.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aldosterone. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex that specifically regulates salt and water balance in the body. It acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water, thus helping to maintain blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Explanation for incorrect choices: B: Glucagon - Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that primarily regulates blood sugar levels by promoting the release of glucose from the liver. It does not play a role in salt and water balance regulation. C: Cortisol - Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that is involved in the body's response to stress and helps regulate metabolism, immune response, and inflammation. It does not have a direct role in salt and water balance. D: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - ADH is produced by the hypothalamus and acts on the kidneys to regulate water balance by increasing water reabsorption. While it is involved

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because ketosis and acidosis are indicative of a rapid and incomplete metabolism of fatty acids. Ketosis occurs when the body breaks down fats for energy, leading to high levels of ketones in the blood. Acidosis results from the accumulation of acidic substances in the body due to incomplete metabolism. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because excess insulin does not cause ketosis and acidosis, diabetes insipidus is unrelated to these conditions, and ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is not the appropriate treatment for ketosis and acidosis.