ATI RN
Introduction to Epidemiology Case Study Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following statistics is used by countries to compare the success of their health care systems?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infant mortality rate. This statistic is used to compare the success of health care systems as it reflects the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. A lower infant mortality rate indicates better access to healthcare and overall health outcomes. A: Attack rate is used to measure the frequency of new cases of a disease in a population during a specific time period, not specific to healthcare system comparison. C: Proportionate mortality ratio is a measure of the proportion of deaths from a specific cause compared to all deaths, not specifically for comparing healthcare systems. D: Cause-specific mortality rate measures the number of deaths from a specific cause in a population, which is not comprehensive enough to evaluate overall healthcare system success.
Question 2 of 5
Statistics clearly demonstrate that there are significantly more cases of a disease in one particular neighborhood than in all the rest of the city. Assuming all else is the same, which of the following is the most likely explanation for a single neighborhood having such a different pattern of illness?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood. This is the most likely explanation because cultural or ethnic factors can influence health behaviors, access to healthcare, genetic predispositions, and environmental exposures. This concentration can lead to higher rates of the disease within that specific community. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: B: The geographic location of the neighborhood within the city is less likely to directly influence disease prevalence unless there are specific environmental factors present. C: A statistical fluke without meaning is unlikely if there are clear and significant differences in disease rates between the neighborhood and the rest of the city. D: The time of year the different statistics were collected throughout the city is less likely to impact disease prevalence unless seasonal factors are directly related to the disease.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following types of study should the nurse researcher choose if the goal is to identify the long-term benefits and risks of a particular nursing intervention for senior citizens living in the community?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clinical trial. A clinical trial is the most appropriate type of study to identify the long-term benefits and risks of a nursing intervention in senior citizens. Clinical trials involve controlled experimentation with participants assigned to different groups, allowing for comparison of outcomes over time. This design enables researchers to assess the effectiveness and safety of interventions in a systematic and rigorous manner. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: Cross-sectional study - This type of study provides a snapshot of a population at a specific point in time and does not allow for the assessment of long-term benefits and risks. B: Ecological study - Focuses on group-level data rather than individual-level data, making it less suitable for assessing individual outcomes over time. D: Retrospective analysis - Involves looking back at historical data, which may not provide the necessary controlled environment to evaluate the long-term effects of a nursing intervention.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is concerned about the high incidence of STDs in the community college population and sets up a special STD screening. Which of the following groups of students would be encouraged to attend? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Sexually active students currently receiving treatment for an STD should be encouraged to attend the STD screening because they are at high risk for having or transmitting STDs. They need regular monitoring and follow-up to ensure successful treatment and prevent the spread of infections. Choice B is incorrect because students who had been screened the previous year may have engaged in risky behaviors since then and could have contracted an STD in the meantime. They should still attend for regular screening. Choice C is incorrect because although these students may not currently be sexually active, their future sexual behavior is uncertain. Regular STD screenings are important for all sexually active individuals, regardless of their current activity. Choice D is incorrect because even if students do not "go all the way," they can still be at risk for STDs through other sexual activities. Regular screenings are recommended for all sexually active individuals to ensure early detection and treatment of infections.
Question 5 of 5
Which factors make up the epidemiological triad?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Agent, host, environment. In the epidemiological triad, these factors interact to determine the occurrence and distribution of a disease. The agent is the cause of the disease, the host is the individual affected, and the environment includes external factors influencing the disease transmission. This triad helps in understanding the dynamics of disease spread. Choice B focuses on elements of descriptive epidemiology, not the triad. Choice C includes elements of the chain of infection, not the triad. Choice D includes components of the chain of infection, not the triad.