ATI RN
Introduction to Epidemiology Case Study Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following statistics is used by countries to compare the success of their health care systems?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infant mortality rate. This statistic is used to compare the success of health care systems as it reflects the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. A lower infant mortality rate indicates better access to healthcare and overall health outcomes for both mothers and infants. A: Attack rate is used to measure the frequency of new cases of a disease in a population during a specific period, not directly related to health care system comparison. C: Proportionate mortality ratio compares the proportion of deaths from a specific cause to all deaths, not specifically related to health care system success comparison. D: Cause-specific mortality rate measures the number of deaths from a specific cause per population, not directly related to the overall success of health care systems.
Question 2 of 5
Statistics clearly demonstrate that there are significantly more cases of a disease in one particular neighborhood than in all the rest of the city. Assuming all else is the same, which of the following is the most likely explanation for a single neighborhood having such a different pattern of illness?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood. This is the most likely explanation because certain cultural or ethnic groups may have specific lifestyle habits, genetic predispositions, or environmental exposures that make them more susceptible to the disease. This would result in higher prevalence within that neighborhood compared to the rest of the city. Choice B is incorrect as the geographic location alone is unlikely to cause such a significant difference in disease prevalence. Choice C is incorrect because if the statistics are significant and consistent, it is unlikely to be a statistical fluke. Choice D is incorrect because the time of year should not impact disease prevalence in one neighborhood significantly more than the entire city.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following types of study should the nurse researcher choose if the goal is to identify the long-term benefits and risks of a particular nursing intervention for senior citizens living in the community?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clinical trial. In this scenario, a clinical trial is the most appropriate study design to identify the long-term benefits and risks of a nursing intervention. Clinical trials involve the systematic study of interventions in human subjects to evaluate their effects on health outcomes. By conducting a clinical trial, the nurse researcher can control variables, monitor participants over an extended period, and assess the intervention's impact on senior citizens living in the community. Cross-sectional studies (A) are snapshots in time and do not provide information on long-term outcomes. Ecological studies (B) analyze population-level data and may not offer individual-level insights. Retrospective analysis (D) involves looking back at historical data and may not capture real-time long-term effects of interventions.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is concerned about the high incidence of STDs in the community college population and sets up a special STD screening. Which of the following groups of students would be encouraged to attend? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because sexually active students currently receiving treatment for an STD are at a higher risk of contracting and spreading STDs. By encouraging them to attend the screening, the nurse can monitor their progress and prevent further transmission. Choice B is incorrect because students who had been screened the previous year may have engaged in risky behavior since then, so regular screening is necessary. Choice C is incorrect as these students are not currently at risk of STDs, so their attendance is not crucial for this particular screening. Choice D is incorrect because even if students do not engage in penetrative sex, they can still contract and transmit STDs through other sexual activities.
Question 5 of 5
Which factors make up the epidemiological triad?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The epidemiological triad consists of three components: agent, host, and environment. The agent is the cause of the disease, the host is the individual affected by the disease, and the environment includes external factors influencing the disease transmission. These factors interact to determine the occurrence and spread of diseases. Choice A is correct as it accurately represents the components of the epidemiological triad. Choices B, C, and D do not represent the complete triad and are therefore incorrect. Choice B focuses on descriptive aspects, while Choice C includes mode of transmission instead of the environment, and Choice D includes portal of entry and exit, but misses the host and environment components.