Which of the following statements would be the nurse's response to a famiiy member asking questions about a client's transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct response would be: "It is a temporary interruption in the blood flow to the brain." This response provides a clear and accurate explanation of a transient ischemic attack (TIA), which is commonly known as a "mini-stroke." A TIA is indeed a temporary episode where there is a brief interruption in the blood flow to the brain, leading to symptoms similar to those of a stroke, but without lasting damage. This response would give the family member a better understanding of what a TIA is and help alleviate concerns about permanent brain damage.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct position to place a patient before, during, and after a seizure is on their side, also known as the recovery position. Placing the patient in the side-lying position helps prevent aspiration if the patient vomits and ensures that the airway remains open. This position also helps to prevent choking and allows for drainage of fluids from the mouth. Additionally, it reduces the risk of airway obstruction and helps to maintain proper alignment of the head, neck, and spine. By placing the patient in the side-lying position, the nurse can ensure the patient's safety and well-being during and after a seizure episode.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best initial action for the nurse to take when a client is experiencing hyperventilation is to try to have the client breathe slower. This is because hyperventilation is often caused by rapid, shallow breathing and slowing down the breathing pattern can help restore normal gas exchange and alleviate symptoms. Providing oxygen via a nasal cannula or administering sodium bicarbonate would not directly address the underlying issue of hyperventilation. Monitoring fluid balance is important for overall assessment but not the priority when dealing with acute respiratory distress due to hyperventilation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric primary care, enuresis (bedwetting) is a common concern. The correct answer is C) urinalysis. This test is recommended for most children with enuresis because it helps to rule out urinary tract infections, diabetes insipidus, and other urinary tract abnormalities that could be contributing to the bedwetting. Option A) blood sugar is not the most appropriate test for evaluating enuresis unless there are specific symptoms or risk factors indicating the need for assessing blood glucose levels. Option B) serum electrolytes are also not routinely indicated for evaluating enuresis unless there are specific concerns such as dehydration or electrolyte imbalances. Option D) abdominal sonography is not typically recommended as an initial test for enuresis unless there are specific signs or symptoms suggesting the need for evaluating the abdominal organs. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind the recommended tests for enuresis in children is crucial for primary care providers to make informed decisions regarding the diagnostic workup of this common pediatric issue. By knowing when to order a urinalysis and when other tests are not necessary, healthcare professionals can provide efficient and effective care for children experiencing enuresis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this case, the correct approach is option A) intensive chemotherapy. Acute myeloproliferative disorder in a 20-day-old infant with elevated white blood count, anemia, and blast cells indicates a need for aggressive treatment to target the rapidly proliferating abnormal cells. Intensive chemotherapy aims to reduce the abnormal cell burden quickly, restore normal blood cell production, and improve outcomes. Option B) low dose chemotherapy pulses may not be sufficient to effectively target the aggressive nature of acute myeloproliferative disorder in this scenario. Bone marrow transplantation (option C) is not typically the first-line treatment for acute myeloproliferative disorders in infants and carries significant risks. Close follow-up (option D) is inadequate given the severity of the condition and the need for immediate intervention. From an educational perspective, understanding the rationale behind treatment decisions in pediatric oncology is crucial for healthcare providers working in primary care settings. It is essential to grasp the urgency of appropriate management strategies in pediatric oncology to optimize patient outcomes and prevent disease progression. This case underscores the importance of prompt recognition and treatment of hematologic disorders in infants to ensure the best possible prognosis.