Which of the following statements regarding Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in humans is NOT TRUE?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because SNPs are actually a common source of genetic polymorphisms, occurring frequently in the human genome. SNPs are variations in a single nucleotide base and are estimated to occur once every 300 nucleotides. Choice A is incorrect because of this high frequency. Choice C is also incorrect as certain SNPs can indeed impact gene expression and health outcomes. Choice D is incorrect because B is not true, making the statement false. In summary, B is the correct answer as SNPs are not rare but rather common genetic variations in humans.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Checking the tube placement and gastric residual prior to feedings. This is crucial to ensure proper placement of the tube and to assess if there is any undigested food in the stomach, which can lead to vomiting if fed through the tube. By checking these factors before administering feedings, the nurse can prevent complications. A: Consulting the physician and dietitian is important but does not directly prevent improper infusion or vomiting. B: Administering feedings at room temperature is a good practice but does not directly prevent vomiting. C: Changing the tube feeding container and tubing may be necessary for hygiene but does not directly prevent improper infusion or vomiting. In summary, checking the tube placement and gastric residual is essential in preventing vomiting and ensuring proper feeding, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Rapid breathing and pulse rate. In acute pancreatitis, inflammation of the pancreas can lead to systemic complications, including respiratory distress and tachycardia. This occurs due to the release of inflammatory mediators affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Increased thirst and urination (Choice A) are more indicative of diabetes or renal issues. Hypertension and nausea (Choice B) are not typical symptoms of acute pancreatitis. Frothy, foul-smelling stools (Choice D) are more likely linked to malabsorption disorders rather than acute pancreatitis. Rapid breathing and pulse rate are key signs that indicate the severity of the condition and the need for prompt intervention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Elevated serum ammonia levels. Prolonged antibiotic therapy can lead to disruption of normal gut flora, causing overgrowth of ammonia-producing bacteria. Elevated serum ammonia levels can indicate hepatic encephalopathy, a serious condition that requires immediate intervention. Coagulation problems (A) are more commonly associated with liver disease or vitamin deficiencies. Impaired absorption of amino acids (B) is typically seen in conditions like celiac disease or gastrointestinal disorders, not specifically related to prolonged antibiotic use. Increased mucus and bicarbonate secretion (D) are not directly related to prolonged antibiotic therapy, but rather to respiratory or gastrointestinal conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prevention of aspiration. This is essential in tube feeding to avoid the risk of food or liquid entering the lungs, causing aspiration pneumonia. Nursing interventions for this include ensuring proper positioning during and after feeding, checking residual volumes before each feeding, and using the appropriate tube size and placement. Incorrect Choices: B: Prevention of diarrhea - Diarrhea is not directly related to tube feeding complications, but rather to factors such as infection, medication side effects, or underlying conditions. C: Maintenance of tube patency - While important, this focuses on ensuring the tube remains clear and functional, not directly related to preventing aspiration. D: Maintenance of tube placement - Ensuring proper tube placement is crucial for effective feeding but does not directly address the risk of aspiration.