Which of the following statements regarding injury to the central nervous system in children is TRUE?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): Children suffer spinal cord injury without x-ray abnormality more commonly than adults. This statement is true because children's spinal cords are more flexible and elastic, making them less likely to show bony abnormalities on x-rays even if there is an injury. This phenomenon is known as SCIWORA (spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality) and is more common in children due to their unique anatomical characteristics. Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: An infant with a traumatic brain injury may become hypotensive from cerebral edema - This statement is incorrect because hypotension is not a common consequence of cerebral edema in traumatic brain injury. C: Initial therapy for the child with traumatic brain injury includes the administration of methylprednisolone intravenously - This statement is incorrect as the use of methylprednisolone in traumatic brain injury is controversial and not considered standard therapy. D: Children have more focal mass lesions as a result of traumatic brain injury

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: C is incorrect because pulse oximetry provides a spot-check measurement, not continuous. A is true as room light can interfere. B is true as dysfunctional hemoglobin can affect accuracy. D is true as pulse oximetry relies on differential light absorption. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Requires surgical intervention" because cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition where fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac, compressing the heart. Surgical intervention, such as pericardial drainage or pericardiectomy, is necessary to relieve the pressure on the heart. Needle pericardiocentesis (choice B) is a temporary measure and may not definitively manage the condition. Discovering Beck's triad (choice C) in the Emergency Department (ED) may raise suspicion but is not always present in all cases. Kussmaul breathing (choice D) is associated with conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis, not specifically with cardiac tamponade.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "Decreased pulse pressure," because it is not a typical sign or symptom of airway compromise. Airway compromise usually presents with changes in voice (A), stridor (B), and tachypnea (C) due to obstruction or narrowing of the airway. Decreased pulse pressure is more indicative of cardiovascular issues rather than airway compromise. In summary, choices A, B, and C are related to airway compromise symptoms, while choice D is not directly associated with it.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Admit mistakes and apologize for them. Holding oneself accountable involves taking responsibility for one's actions, acknowledging mistakes, and making amends. By admitting mistakes and apologizing, one demonstrates integrity and a commitment to learning and growth. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the key aspect of accountability, which is owning up to one's errors and taking appropriate actions to rectify them. Speaking positively, working with diverse backgrounds, and caring about others' problems are important traits, but they do not fully capture the essence of accountability.