Which of the following statements regarding fuel/substrate utilization during exercise is FALSE?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because during moderate exercise, your body primarily relies on glycogen stores, not protein stores, for energy. Protein is not a preferred energy source during exercise as it is mainly used for structural and enzymatic functions. Muscle glycogen, muscle triglycerides, and plasma fatty acids are the main sources of energy at 65% VO2 max. Low-intensity exercise primarily utilizes fatty acids from plasma. Blood glucose stores can be depleted within about 15 minutes of very intense exercise due to high energy demands. Thus, choice C is false as protein stores are not the biggest energy source during moderate exercise.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Advancing the diet slowly. This helps the client gradually build tolerance for fluids and foods, reducing the likelihood of exacerbating nausea and vomiting. Advancing the diet slowly allows the digestive system to adjust and minimizes gastrointestinal distress. Choice B (Discouraging caffeinated or carbonated beverages) can help reduce gastric irritation but does not directly address developing tolerance for fluids and foods. Choice C (Recommending commercial over-the-counter beverages) is not specific to helping the client develop tolerance. Choice D (Replacing dietary fat with MCTs) may be beneficial for some clients, but it does not directly address the client's ability to tolerate fluids and foods.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Administer oxygen throughout the seizure. Oxygen administration is crucial during a seizure to maintain oxygenation and prevent hypoxia. Hypoxia can exacerbate brain damage in clients experiencing seizures. Administering oxygen helps ensure adequate oxygen supply to the brain and other vital organs, reducing the risk of injury. A: Initiate precautions by restraining the client - Restraint can increase the risk of injury and worsen the seizure. B: Observe the client throughout the seizure - While important, simply observing the client does not actively prevent injury during the seizure. D: Administer an analgesic during the seizure - Analgesics are not indicated during a seizure and may not address the risk for injury. Administering oxygen is the most appropriate intervention to minimize the risk for injury during a seizure in a client with pancreatitis and alcohol withdrawal.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pepsin. Pepsin is an enzyme produced in the stomach that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. It is activated by the acidic environment in the stomach. Bile (A) is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, not active in the stomach. Gastrin (C) is a hormone that stimulates gastric acid secretion but is not a digestive substance. Maltase (D) is an enzyme produced in the small intestine that breaks down maltose into glucose, not active in the stomach. Thus, the only substance active or activated in the stomach is Pepsin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why option A is correct: 1. Gastrostomy tube is inserted directly into the stomach, bypassing the esophagus, reducing irritation to nasal and esophageal mucosa. 2. NG tube goes through the nose, potentially causing irritation and discomfort to the mucosa. 3. In severe protein-calorie malnutrition, preservation of mucosal integrity is crucial for nutrient absorption. 4. Hence, choosing a gastrostomy tube minimizes additional stress on already compromised mucosa. Summary of why other options are incorrect: - Option B: The sensory experience of eating is unrelated to the nutritional benefits of tube feeding. - Option C: Aspiration risk is not directly affected by the type of tube used but rather by proper feeding techniques and patient positioning. - Option D: All feeding tubes require periodic checking for placement to prevent complications, including gastrostomy tubes.