Which of the following statements regarding colloid administration does the nurse identify as being true?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The statement "Dextran therapy can cause anaphylaxis or renal failure" is true. Dextran is a type of colloid solution that can cause allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis in some individuals. It can also lead to kidney damage, which is why monitoring for signs of renal failure is crucial when administering Dextran. As a result of these potential risks, dextran therapy should be used cautiously and patients should be closely monitored for adverse reactions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Insomnia is not a common side effect of Alprazolam. Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine medication commonly used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. Common side effects of Alprazolam include dizziness, drowsiness, and lethargy. However, it is not typically associated with causing insomnia as a side effect. If a person experiences unusual symptoms while taking Alprazolam, they should consult their healthcare provider for guidance.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The statement "Dextran therapy can cause anaphylaxis or renal failure" is true. Dextran is a type of colloid solution that can cause allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis in some individuals. It can also lead to kidney damage, which is why monitoring for signs of renal failure is crucial when administering Dextran. As a result of these potential risks, dextran therapy should be used cautiously and patients should be closely monitored for adverse reactions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Calcium absorption in the small intestine relies heavily on vitamin D, which enhances the process by increasing the expression of calcium-binding proteins and improving gut uptake efficiency. Without adequate vitamin D, calcium absorption drops significantly, leading to potential bone health issues like osteoporosis or osteomalacia. Intrinsic factor, produced in the stomach, is critical for vitamin B12 absorption, not calcium, as it binds B12 for uptake in the ileum. Coenzymes, while involved in metabolic reactions, don't directly facilitate calcium absorption; their role is broader and unrelated to this specific process. Phosphorus, an abundant mineral, works with calcium in bone formation but doesn't enhance its absorption-in fact, excessive phosphorus can compete with calcium. Vitamin D's active form, calcitriol, regulates calcium levels by promoting its transport across intestinal cells, making it indispensable for maintaining skeletal integrity. This mechanism underscores why vitamin D deficiency impairs calcium utilization, distinguishing it from the other options, which lack a direct link to absorption efficiency.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication commonly used to prevent blood clots. One of the most severe adverse effects of warfarin is the risk of bleeding. This can occur in various parts of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, brain, or other organs. Bleeding complications can range from minor bruising to life-threatening hemorrhages, especially if warfarin levels are not properly monitored. Patients taking warfarin should be closely monitored for signs of bleeding, and their medication dosages should be adjusted as needed to maintain a balance between preventing clotting and avoiding excessive bleeding.