ATI RN
Med Surg Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following statements is true regarding the complement system?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: C: Complement is produced by glial cells in the brain. This is true as glial cells secrete complement proteins to modulate immune responses in the brain. A: Complement is not released in an activated state but requires activation. B: Complement is activated by foreign molecules, not native proteins in the blood. D: Complement is part of the innate immune response, not just the adaptive immune response.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been experiencing severe diarrhea and can now resume solid foods. The nurse educates the patient about appropriate food choices. Which food choice indicates that the nurse's teaching has been successful?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Applesauce. Applesauce is a low-fiber, easily digestible food that is gentle on the digestive system, making it an appropriate choice for someone recovering from severe diarrhea. It helps to bind stool and prevent further irritation. Whole-grain rice (choice A) and wheat toast (choice B) are high-fiber foods that may worsen diarrhea. Grapes (choice D) are high in natural sugars and can also aggravate diarrhea. In summary, the nurse's teaching is successful when the patient chooses applesauce because it is gentle on the digestive system and helps in recovery from diarrhea.
Question 3 of 5
Which of these is involved in the chemical digestion of protein?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: trypsin. Trypsin is an enzyme produced by the pancreas that specifically breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. It works in the small intestine to continue the process of protein digestion. Pancreatic amylase (A) breaks down carbohydrates, sucrase (C) breaks down sucrose, and pancreatic nuclease (D) breaks down nucleic acids, not proteins. Therefore, trypsin is the only enzyme involved in the chemical digestion of protein among the choices provided.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about lifestyle modifications. Which statement by the patient indicates that further teaching is needed?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because stopping blood pressure medication without medical guidance can be dangerous and worsen hypertension. A is correct as reducing sodium intake helps lower blood pressure. B is correct as physical activity is beneficial. C is incorrect, as limiting alcohol intake is also important in managing hypertension.
Question 5 of 5
Where does the majority of carbohydrate digestion occur?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The majority of carbohydrate digestion occurs in the mouth. This is because the enzyme amylase, present in saliva, begins breaking down carbohydrates into simpler sugars like maltose. The process starts in the mouth as the food is chewed and mixed with saliva, creating a bolus that can be easily swallowed. In the stomach, the acidic environment actually inhibits amylase activity, so minimal carbohydrate digestion occurs there. The small intestine is where further digestion and absorption of carbohydrates primarily happen, but the initial breakdown in the mouth is crucial. The esophagus is not involved in digestion, but rather in the transportation of food to the stomach.