Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding hypernatremic dehydration:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hypernatremic dehydration occurs when water loss exceeds sodium loss, leading to increased serum osmolality (>295 mOsm/L) and sodium levels (>145 mEq/L). This can result from inadequate fluid intake, excessive sweating, or osmotic diuresis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pica requires persistent consumption of non-food items for at least one month to meet diagnostic criteria.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Diarrhea leads to metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap due to excessive bicarbonate loss in stool. This type of acidosis is known as hyperchloremic acidosis, where chloride replaces lost bicarbonate.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cyproheptadine, an antihistamine with serotonin-blocking properties, is effective in treating cold-induced urticaria.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Primary nocturnal enuresis is generally not linked to emotional disorders but instead to factors like genetics, bladder capacity, or nighttime urine production.