Which of the following statements is true of urination?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for correct answer (C): A lack of privacy and stress can affect urination as it can lead to inhibition of the relaxation response needed for the bladder to empty fully. Privacy and relaxation are crucial for efficient urination. Stress can also trigger the fight-or-flight response, causing the bladder muscles to contract and prevent proper voiding. Hence, C is the correct statement. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Indwelling catheters can affect muscle tone as they may lead to muscle atrophy and loss of muscle tone in the pelvic floor. B: Fluids high in sodium may actually decrease urinary output due to increased retention of water in the body. D: The bladder's capacity decreases with age, leading to more frequent urination rather than less.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because stress management is essential in cardiac rehabilitation to help reduce anxiety and improve overall well-being. It helps in managing blood pressure and heart rate, promoting better recovery. Option A is incorrect as a high-sodium diet is detrimental to heart health. Option B is incorrect as exercise is crucial in cardiac rehab. Option D is incorrect as smoking is harmful and worsens heart health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a prosthesis is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part. In this case, an artificial arm replaces a lost arm. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to an assistive device for dressing, not a body part replacement. Choice B is incorrect as handrolls are not used to replace a missing body part. Choice C is incorrect as special shoes for flat feet do not replace a body part. In summary, only choice D aligns with the definition of a prosthesis by replacing a missing body part with an artificial device.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Only talking about one subject at a time. This strategy is effective for individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) because it reduces confusion and cognitive overload. By focusing on one topic, communication becomes clearer and easier for the resident to process. It allows for better understanding and engagement. Choice B is incorrect because repeating instructions can be beneficial for residents with AD to reinforce memory and understanding. Choice C is incorrect as nonverbal cues such as gestures and facial expressions can aid in communication when verbal language becomes challenging. Choice D is incorrect as using positive language and redirection is more effective than telling residents what not to do.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nonspecific immunity. This type of immunity provides general protection against a wide range of pathogens and is the body's first line of defense. Nonspecific immunity includes physical barriers like skin, mucous membranes, and certain cells that engulf and destroy pathogens. Specific immunity (A) is tailored to a particular pathogen, while active immunity (C) is acquired through vaccination or exposure to a pathogen, and passive immunity (D) is temporary protection transferred from another source. Therefore, B is the correct choice as it best describes the general defense mechanism against invading bacteria or organisms.