Which of the following statements is true of urination?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because privacy and stress can indeed affect urination. Privacy allows relaxation, which is essential for the bladder to empty properly. Stress can trigger the fight-or-flight response, leading to urinary retention or urgency. A: Indwelling catheters can impact muscle tone by causing the bladder muscles to weaken. B: Fluids high in sodium can actually decrease urinary output by increasing water retention. D: The bladder capacity decreases with age, leading to more frequent urination due to decreased elasticity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because stress management is an essential component of cardiac rehabilitation to reduce the risk of complications. It helps control blood pressure and heart rate, promoting overall heart health. Option A is incorrect as a high-sodium diet can worsen heart conditions. Option B is incorrect as exercise is crucial for improving heart strength. Option D is incorrect as smoking is detrimental to heart health and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Overall, stress management plays a vital role in cardiac rehabilitation by promoting relaxation and reducing the burden on the heart.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A prosthesis is an artificial body part designed to replace a missing limb. In this case, an artificial arm serves as a replacement for a lost arm. It is a functional and anatomically designed device that helps restore lost function. A) An assistive device for dressing (Choice A) does not involve replacing a missing limb and is not considered a prosthesis. B) Handrolls to prevent finger curling (Choice B) are not artificial limbs and do not replace a missing limb. C) Special shoes for flat feet (Choice C) are not artificial limbs and do not replace a missing limb.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Only talking about one subject at a time. This strategy is effective for residents with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as it helps reduce confusion and cognitive overload. By focusing on one topic, it enhances comprehension and engagement. Choice B is incorrect as repeating instructions is beneficial for memory retention in AD patients. Choice C is incorrect as nonverbal cues such as gestures and facial expressions can aid communication for individuals with AD. Choice D is incorrect as using negative language like "don't" may lead to resistance or agitation in AD residents.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nonspecific immunity. Nonspecific immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens and does not target specific pathogens. It includes physical barriers like skin, mucous membranes, and chemical barriers like stomach acid and enzymes. Specific immunity (choice A) refers to the immune response targeted against specific pathogens. Active immunity (choice C) is immunity acquired through exposure to a pathogen or vaccine, leading to the production of antibodies. Passive immunity (choice D) is acquired through transfer of antibodies from another individual, providing immediate but temporary protection. Nonspecific immunity is the initial defense mechanism that protects the body from a wide range of pathogens before specific immunity is activated.