Which of the following statements is true of cast care?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Elevate an extremity that is in a cast. Elevating the extremity helps reduce swelling and promote circulation, aiding in the healing process. Elevating the casted limb above the heart level also helps to reduce pain and discomfort. A: Keeping the cast wet or damp can lead to skin irritation, infection, and weakening of the cast material. B: Using a sharp object to remove items inside the cast can cause injury to the skin and the underlying tissues. D: Using warm water and soap to wash the cast can weaken the cast material and may lead to skin irritation and infection.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because HIV can be transmitted through contaminated needles, as the virus can enter the bloodstream through needle punctures. Healthcare workers are at risk due to needlestick injuries. A is incorrect because HIV is not transmitted through casual contact like touching objects. B is incorrect because HIV is not spread through toilet use. C is incorrect because HIV is not transmitted through hugging, even if the person has a fever.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Using communication boards. This method is appropriate as it allows the resident to visually communicate by pointing to or indicating words or symbols on the board. It ensures clear and accurate communication, especially for individuals with artificial airways who may have difficulty speaking. A: Playing charades may not be effective for residents with artificial airways as it relies on physical gestures and may not always be clear or understood. B: Shouting at the resident is not appropriate and can be distressing for them. It does not consider the resident's comfort or dignity. C: Asking the resident's family what they think he wants may not always be reliable and may not accurately reflect the resident's own preferences and needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it promotes empathy and understanding in resolving conflicts. By considering possible reasons for the other person's behavior, the nursing assistant can approach the situation with a level head and seek a constructive resolution. Going to management (A) may escalate the conflict unnecessarily. Asking a resident for advice (B) is inappropriate as it puts the resident in a difficult position. Deciding not to speak to the nursing assistant (D) is passive-aggressive and does not address the issue directly.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct: 1. DNR stands for "Do Not Resuscitate." 2. Issuing a DNR order means that the resident should not be resuscitated in case of cardiac or respiratory arrest. 3. It is a medical decision made by the physician based on the resident's medical condition and preferences. 4. This decision is documented in the resident's medical records. 5. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the purpose and meaning of a DNR order, which is to specify that resuscitation should not be performed.