Which of the following statements is true of cast care?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Elevate an extremity that is in a cast. Elevating the extremity helps reduce swelling and promote circulation. This is important for proper healing and preventing complications. Keeping the cast wet or damp (A) can lead to skin irritation and infection. Using a sharp object to remove items in the cast (B) can cause injury. Washing a cast with warm water and soap (D) can weaken the cast material and compromise its integrity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because HIV can be transmitted through direct contact with contaminated blood, such as through needlestick injuries. Healthcare workers are at risk due to their exposure to blood and bodily fluids. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because HIV is not transmitted through casual contact like touching objects, sharing toilets, or hugging. HIV is primarily transmitted through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Using communication boards. This method allows the resident to express themselves visually when they cannot speak due to an artificial airway. Communication boards provide a range of options for the resident to point to communicate their needs effectively. Playing charades (A) may be challenging for the resident to participate in, shouting (B) can be distressing and ineffective, and asking the resident's family (C) may not always accurately represent the resident's wishes. Communication boards offer a structured and reliable means of communication in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. When faced with a conflict, it's important to first understand the underlying reasons for the behavior. This helps in addressing the root cause and finding a constructive solution. Going to management (A) may escalate the issue unnecessarily. Asking a resident for advice (B) is unprofessional and may not lead to a resolution. Deciding not to speak to the other nursing assistant (D) is passive and can worsen the conflict. Thinking about possible reasons (C) promotes empathy, communication, and problem-solving.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A resident should not be resuscitated. A DNR order, which stands for "Do Not Resuscitate," is a medical directive that indicates the resident should not receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in case of cardiac or respiratory arrest. This decision is made by the physician based on the resident's medical condition and wishes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a DNR order does not require the family's consent, necessitate calling a doctor before resuscitation, or involve contacting the resident's attorney. The key principle behind a DNR order is to respect the resident's autonomy and quality of life by avoiding unwanted and potentially futile life-saving measures.