ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following statements is true?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Choice A: 1. The hypothalamus produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 2. These hormones are transported via the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system to the posterior pituitary for storage. 3. When needed, the posterior pituitary releases these hormones into the bloodstream. 4. Oxytocin is involved in labor and milk ejection, while ADH regulates water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Summary of other Choices: B. Incorrect - ADH, when released, causes urine volume to decrease and blood volume to increase by increasing water reabsorption. C. Incorrect - Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation and stimulates progesterone production but is released by the anterior pituitary, not the hypothalamus. D. Incorrect - Hyposecretion of FSH or LH can lead to infertility, not necessarily sterility, and the effects differ between males and females.
Question 2 of 5
A patient presents with tiredness, weakness, anorexia, apathy, abdominal pain, hyperpigmentation and postural hypertension. Upon infection he appears to be in cardiogenic shock and his blood volume is depleted. His sodium levels are low, potassium levels are high. Which of the following would also be elevated?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: ACTH. In this scenario, the patient is exhibiting symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, specifically Addison's disease. ACTH levels would be elevated due to the lack of negative feedback from cortisol, which is typically low in adrenal insufficiency. TSH (A) and T4 (B) would be normal or low due to the hypofunction of the adrenal gland, not the thyroid. Adrenal hormones (C) would be low in adrenal insufficiency, not elevated.
Question 3 of 5
In its action in cells, aldosterone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because aldosterone increases the transport of epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. This process leads to enhanced sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, promoting water retention and increasing blood pressure. Choices B and C are incorrect as aldosterone does act on the cell membrane and binds to a receptor located in the cytoplasm, which then translocates to the nucleus. Choice D is incorrect as aldosterone does not directly activate heat shock proteins.
Question 4 of 5
One of the two hormones made by the pituitary that help regulate reproductive cells is luteinizing hormone. The other hormone is _______.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Follicle stimulating hormone. The pituitary gland produces luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone to regulate reproductive cells. Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation and testosterone production, while follicle stimulating hormone stimulates egg development in females and sperm production in males. Choice A (Androgens) are male sex hormones produced by the testes, not by the pituitary gland. Choices C (Epinephrine) and D (Norepinephrine) are hormones produced by the adrenal glands and are not involved in regulating reproductive cells.
Question 5 of 5
The relatively constant internal environment of the body is maintained by _______.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves various physiological mechanisms to regulate temperature, pH, blood sugar levels, and more. Negative feedback (choice A) is a key component of homeostasis, where the body reverses a deviation from the set point to restore balance. Positive feedback (choice B) amplifies a response and does not contribute to maintaining stability. Metabolism (choice D) is the sum of all chemical processes in the body and is necessary for homeostasis but does not directly regulate the internal environment.