Which of the following statements is not correct with regard to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and/or the disease it caused?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: C is the correct answer because antibodies formed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis are not protective. They do not efficiently clear the infection due to the bacterium's ability to evade the immune response by residing intracellularly in macrophages. Antibodies play a minimal role in controlling tuberculosis compared to cell-mediated immunity. Summary: A is incorrect because Mycobacterium tuberculosis does contain mycolic acid in its cell wall. B is incorrect because the pathogen can indeed live intracellularly in macrophages. D is incorrect as C is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: mitochondria. Stroma is a component of chloroplasts, not mitochondria. Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes, not stroma. Mitochondria have an inner and outer membrane structure, with the matrix containing the stroma where important metabolic processes occur. This is where the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation take place. Stroma in chloroplasts is where photosynthesis occurs. So, the correct answer is B because stroma is a component of mitochondria, where crucial energy production processes happen.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: heterotrophic. Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that obtain nutrients by absorbing organic compounds from their environment. They do not produce their own food through photosynthesis (option A: autotrophic) or chemosynthesis (option B: chemotrophic). Fungi also do not rely on light for energy (option D: phototrophic). Therefore, the correct choice is C as it accurately describes the nutritional mode of fungi.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mycobacterium leprae. This microorganism can only be cultured in the footpads of mice or a species of armadillo due to its specific growth requirements. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (choice A) can be cultured in various culture media in the laboratory. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (choice C) can be cultured on selective media like Thayer-Martin agar. Mycoplasma (choice D) can be cultured in cell cultures or specialized media. Therefore, the unique growth pattern of Mycobacterium leprae makes it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: orphan drugs. Orphan drugs are medications developed to treat rare diseases affecting fewer than 200,000 patients. These diseases often lack attention from pharmaceutical companies due to the high cost and limited market potential. Orphan drugs receive special incentives and regulatory support to encourage their development. A: Secondary drugs do not specifically refer to medications for rare diseases. B: Minor drugs is not a recognized term in the context of rare disease medications. D: Specialty drugs typically refer to high-cost medications used to treat complex or chronic conditions, but not necessarily rare diseases.