Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because NLRP3 is not found in complex with pro-caspase 1 in resting, non-activated cells. Inflammasome formation requires assembly of NLRP3 with ASC and pro-caspase 1. Choices A, B, and C are correct statements because activation of receptors like TLRs can trigger inflammasome formation, extracellular ATP can induce inflammasome formation, and environmental triggers such as asbestos can also lead to inflammasome activation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The inflammatory response can be triggered by microbial-infected cells releasing cytokines, internal tissue injury leading to the release of inflammatory mediators, and the migration of erythrocytes from the spleen in response to inflammation. Therefore, all of the choices - A, B, and C - are correct in contributing to the inflammatory response. Each option plays a role in the complex cascade of events that lead to inflammation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) includes nerves and ganglia, making choice B correct. 2. PNS is located outside the Central Nervous System (CNS), supporting choice A. 3. Since both A and B are accurate statements, the correct answer is D. Summary: - Choice A is correct because the PNS is located outside the CNS. - Choice B is correct as the PNS includes nerves and ganglia. - Choice C is incorrect as it refers to the CNS (Brain & Spinal cord).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of white blood cells is to protect the body from foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. They do this by identifying and attacking these invaders to prevent infections and maintain overall health. White blood cells are a crucial part of the immune system and play a key role in defending the body against diseases. Clotting and sealing damaged blood vessels (choice A) is primarily done by platelets, not white blood cells. Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide (choice B) is the function of red blood cells, not white blood cells. Producing hormones (choice D) is mainly performed by endocrine glands, not white blood cells.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hematoma. A hematoma is an abnormal collection of blood within tissues. This occurs due to broken blood vessels and can lead to swelling and localized pain. Thrombosis (B) is the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel, not an accumulation of blood in tissue. An embolus (C) is a blood clot that travels through the bloodstream and gets lodged in a blood vessel. Hemorrhage (D) refers to the excessive bleeding from blood vessels. In this case, the most appropriate term for an abnormal accumulation of blood in a tissue is hematoma.