Which of the following statements is correct for zolpidem?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Zolpidem is a sedative-hypnotic medication used for treating insomnia by enhancing the effects of GABA in the brain. Step 2: Zolpidem causes significant effects on sleep patterns, not minor ones, making option A incorrect. Step 3: Zolpidem has a lower risk of tolerance and dependence compared to benzodiazepines, making option B correct. Step 4: Zolpidem primarily acts as a sedative and does not have significant muscle relaxing or anticonvulsant effects, making option C incorrect. Step 5: Combining the above points, option D is correct as it encompasses the accurate statements about zolpidem.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Morphine. Morphine is a natural opioid analgesic that acts as an agonist at the mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system, producing pain relief and sedation. It is derived from the opium poppy plant, making it a natural agonist. Meperidine (A) and Fentanyl (B) are synthetic opioids, while Naloxone (D) is an opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose by blocking the effects of opioids. Therefore, the natural agonist among the options is Morphine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Non-narcotic analgesics, such as NSAIDs and acetaminophen, have multiple effects including anti-inflammatory (A), analgesic (B), and antipyretic (C) effects. Anti-inflammatory effect helps reduce inflammation, analgesic effect helps relieve pain, and antipyretic effect helps reduce fever. Therefore, the correct answer is D as non-narcotic analgesics exhibit all these effects. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because non-narcotic analgesics do not have just one of these effects but rather a combination of all three.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amitriptyline. Tricyclic antidepressants, like Amitriptyline, have a tricyclic chemical structure. They work by affecting neurotransmitters in the brain. Nefazodone (A) is a serotonin modulator, Fluoxetine (C) is an SSRI, and Isocarboxazid (D) is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, not related to tricyclic antidepressants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sydnocarb. Sydnocarb is a CNS psychostimulant that is a sydnonymine derivative. This is because the chemical structure of Sydnocarb contains the sydnone imine group, which is characteristic of sydnonimine derivatives. A: Caffeine is not a sydnonimine derivative, as it does not contain the sydnone imine group. C: Meridil (methylphenidate hydrochloride) is not a sydnonimine derivative, as it does not contain the sydnone imine group. D: Amphetamine is not a sydnonimine derivative, as it does not contain the sydnone imine group.