Which of the following statements concerning Validol is true:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Rationale: 1. Validol has a moderate reflex and vascular dilative action due to nerve stimulation, making statement A true. 2. It is administered sublingually, with effects seen in 5 minutes and 70% released in 3 minutes, supporting statement B. 3. Validol is used for angina, motion sickness, nausea, vomiting, and headaches related to nitrates, confirming statement C. 4. Since statements A, B, and C are all true, the correct answer is D, as it encompasses all the valid statements.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Insulin is a small protein hormone with a molecular weight of approximately 5808 and contains disulfide linkages. This structure allows insulin to be stable and function effectively in regulating blood glucose levels. The other choices are incorrect because insulin is not a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 6000, a fructooligosaccharide, or a catecholamine, as these do not align with the known characteristics and functions of insulin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, All of the above. Eicosanoids are a group of signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes are all types of eicosanoids. Prostaglandins are involved in inflammation, pain, and fever regulation. Leukotrienes play a role in allergic and inflammatory responses. Thromboxanes are important for blood clotting and vasoconstriction. Therefore, all three choices are correct as they are all considered eicosanoids based on their chemical structure and biological functions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Piperazines; i.e. Hydroxyzine, Cyclizine. Piperazine-based H1 antagonists have the best antiemetic action due to their strong anticholinergic properties, which help in reducing nausea and vomiting. Hydroxyzine and Cyclizine specifically are known for their effectiveness in combating motion sickness and nausea. Alkylamines (A), Ethanolamines (B), and Ethylenediamines (D) are not as effective in treating nausea and vomiting compared to piperazines due to their weaker anticholinergic effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vitamin D. Vitamin D resembles a hormone because it acts as a hormone in the body, regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. It is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight, similar to hormone synthesis. Vitamin K, A, and E do not function as hormones in the body and have different roles such as blood clotting (K), vision and immune function (A), and antioxidant activity (E), respectively.