Which of the following statements concerning nutritional supplement (dietary supplement) are True:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. This is because all three statements A, B, and C are true regarding nutritional supplements. A: Nutritional supplements are intended to supplement the diet and contain dietary ingredients like vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, etc. B: Nutritional supplements are regulated as foods by the FDA, not drugs. C: Nutritional supplements do not require pre-approval for safety and efficacy, unlike drugs. Therefore, all of the statements are true, making option D the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypophosphatemia. Etidronate is a bisphosphonate used to treat Paget's disease and osteoporosis by inhibiting bone resorption. Hypophosphatemia is a condition characterized by low phosphate levels in the blood, and etidronate is not indicated for this. Hypercalcemia is not an indication for etidronate as it can further decrease calcium levels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Furosemide (Lasix). Furosemide is a loop diuretic that specifically targets the sodium/potassium/chloride cotransporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle. By blocking this transporter, furosemide inhibits sodium reabsorption, leading to increased diuresis. Acetazolamide works in the proximal tubule, hydrochlorothiazide acts on the distal convoluted tubule, and amiloride targets the epithelial sodium channels in the collecting duct. Therefore, they are not the correct choices for blocking the sodium/potassium/chloride cotransporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gentamycin. Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Gentamycin falls under this class due to its mechanism of action. Erythromycin (A) is a macrolide antibiotic, Vancomycin (C) is a glycopeptide antibiotic, and Polymyxin (D) is a polypeptide antibiotic. These antibiotics do not belong to the aminoglycosides class, making them incorrect choices.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because Metronidazole is indicated for intra-abdominal infections, vaginitis, and enterocolitis due to its effectiveness against anaerobic bacteria. Pneumonia, influenza, and use as a disinfectant are not appropriate indications as Metronidazole does not target the specific pathogens associated with these conditions. It is important to use this antibiotic judiciously to avoid resistance and unnecessary side effects.