Which of the following statements by the parents of a child with school phobia would indicate the need for further teaching?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) "We'll keep him at home until phobia subsides." This statement indicates a lack of understanding of how to address school phobia effectively. By keeping the child at home, the parents are inadvertently reinforcing the avoidance behavior, which can exacerbate the phobia in the long run. Option B) "We'll work with his teachers and counselors at school" is a proactive and appropriate response that involves collaboration with professionals who can provide support and guidance in managing the child's school phobia. Option C) "We'll try to encourage him to talk about his problem" demonstrates a willingness to facilitate open communication with the child, which is a positive step in addressing the underlying issues contributing to the phobia. Option D) "We'll discuss possible solutions with him and his counselor" reflects a collaborative approach involving both the child and the counselor in finding solutions to address the school phobia, which is a constructive and supportive strategy. In an educational context, it is crucial for parents to be equipped with the knowledge and skills to understand and address school phobia effectively. Encouraging open communication, seeking support from school professionals, and avoiding reinforcing avoidance behaviors are key principles in managing school phobia in children. By providing parents with the necessary guidance and information, educators can empower them to support their child's emotional well-being and academic success.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Fear of body mutilation is a common preschool fear. In preschool-aged children, fears related to body mutilation are common due to their developing understanding of body boundaries and functions. It is crucial for the nurse to be aware of this aspect of psychosocial development when providing care to a preschool child experiencing respiratory distress. Understanding and addressing these fears can help the nurse establish trust and rapport with the child, leading to more effective care provision. Option A is incorrect because preschool children are not yet at the stage of using complex reasoning to think through situations. Their cognitive abilities are still developing, and they rely more on concrete thinking. Option C is incorrect as preschool children are typically in the stage of parallel play rather than engaging in competitive types of play. They are learning social skills and cooperation but are not yet focused on competition. Option D is incorrect because while preschool children may exhibit behaviors related to seeking immediate gratification, it is not necessary for the development of initiative. Initiative in preschoolers is more about exploring and trying new things within their capabilities, rather than solely seeking immediate rewards.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C) Wheat. Discharge teaching for a child with celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten consumption, should include instructions to avoid wheat. Wheat contains gluten, a protein that can damage the small intestine in individuals with celiac disease. Option A) Rice is gluten-free and safe for individuals with celiac disease to consume. It is a staple food in many gluten-free diets. Option B) Milk is also gluten-free and does not pose a risk for individuals with celiac disease unless they have a separate lactose intolerance or milk allergy. Option D) Chicken is a source of protein that is naturally gluten-free and does not need to be avoided by individuals with celiac disease unless it is prepared with gluten-containing ingredients. Educational Context: It is crucial for healthcare providers to educate patients and their families about the importance of following a strict gluten-free diet to manage celiac disease effectively. By avoiding sources of gluten like wheat, individuals with celiac disease can prevent symptom flare-ups and long-term complications. Providing clear guidance on food choices and label reading empowers patients to make informed decisions about their diet and health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Immature central nervous system. Understanding the Babinski reflex is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients, as this reflex is a key indicator of neurological development in infants. In a positive Babinski reflex, the big toe extends upward and the other toes fan out when the sole of the foot is stroked. This response is normal in infants up to about 18 months old due to their immature central nervous system. Option A) Immature muscle coordination is incorrect because the reflex is not related to muscle coordination but rather to the central nervous system's response. Option C) Possible lower spinal cord defect is incorrect as the Babinski reflex is not indicative of spinal cord defects specifically. Option D) Possible injury to nerves that innervate the feet is incorrect as the reflex is a normal response in infants and not necessarily a result of nerve injury. Educationally, understanding the significance of the Babinski reflex helps nurses assess the neurological status of pediatric patients accurately. It provides valuable information about the integrity of the central nervous system and aids in early detection of any potential issues, allowing for timely interventions and appropriate care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Grasping a rattle when it is offered. At 4 months old, infants typically start developing their fine motor skills, including the ability to grasp objects that are presented to them. This milestone is part of their normal developmental progression and signifies their growing coordination and muscle control. Option A) Sitting up without support is typically achieved around 6-8 months of age, so it would be too advanced for a 4-month-old infant. Option B) Responding to pleasure with smiles is a social and emotional milestone that infants usually exhibit from birth onwards, so it is not specific to a 4-month-old. Option D) Turning from either side to the back is also a motor skill that is usually mastered later, around 5-6 months of age. Understanding these developmental milestones is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients as it helps them assess a child's growth and development accurately. By recognizing what abilities are expected at different ages, nurses can identify any potential delays or abnormalities early on, leading to timely interventions and support for the child and their family.