Which of the following statements are correct? P. Mechanical digestion occurs in the stomach. Q. Cholecystokinin, gastrin and secretin are produced by an enteroendocrine cells. R. Pancreas, small intestine and salivary glands produce digestive enzymes. S. Mucous neck cells, chief cells, parietal cells present in the stomach.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (P, Q, R, and S). P is correct because mechanical digestion does occur in the stomach through the churning action of the stomach muscles. Q is correct as cholecystokinin, gastrin, and secretin are indeed produced by enteroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract. R is correct because the pancreas, small intestine, and salivary glands produce digestive enzymes to aid in the breakdown of food. S is correct as mucous neck cells, chief cells, and parietal cells are all present in the stomach and play roles in the digestion process. Therefore, all options P, Q, R, and S are correct, making answer choice D the correct one.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct order for administering TPN through a central line starts with checking the solution for cloudiness or turbidity to ensure it's safe for infusion. This step is crucial to prevent potential complications such as infection or embolism. Aseptic technique (Choice A) is important but comes later after verifying solution clarity. Threading the IV tubing (Choice B) and connecting it to the central line (Choice D) should follow after ensuring the solution is clear. These steps are all essential but must be done in the correct order to prioritize patient safety and prevent adverse effects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cirrhosis of the liver. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a non-invasive imaging technique used to assess tissue stiffness, making it ideal for evaluating liver fibrosis in cirrhosis. MRE can accurately detect and quantify liver stiffness, providing valuable information about the progression of cirrhosis and guiding treatment decisions. Choice A, Gallstones, is incorrect as MRE is not typically used to diagnose this condition. Choice B, Pancreatic cancer, is also incorrect as MRE is not the primary imaging modality for this cancer. Choice C, Cholecystitis, is incorrect because MRE is not commonly used to diagnose inflammation of the gallbladder. In summary, MRE is particularly useful in assessing liver fibrosis in cirrhosis due to its ability to measure tissue stiffness accurately.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Symptomatic gallstones can be aggravated by caffeine, which stimulates gallbladder contractions, leading to pain. Avoiding coffee and caffeine-containing products helps reduce symptoms. Summary: - B: Fruits and fruit juices are generally healthy and do not directly impact gallstones. - C: Milk and milk products do not have a direct effect on gallstones. - D: Potassium-rich foods are beneficial for overall health and not specifically contraindicated for gallstones.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the gastrocolic reflex is a natural physiological response where eating triggers contractions in the colon, leading to increased peristalsis and bowel movements. By suggesting the patient to attempt defecation after breakfast, the nurse is utilizing this reflex to help stimulate bowel movements. This suggestion aligns with the patient's complaint of irregular bowel movements and aims to promote regularity. Choice A is incorrect as taking additional laxatives can lead to dependence and may not address the underlying cause of the irregular bowel movements. Choice B is incorrect as the acidity of foods does not directly impact peristalsis. Choice C is incorrect as reducing food intake may not necessarily address the issue of slowed peristalsis and could potentially lead to other nutritional deficiencies.