ATI RN
Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following statements are correct? P. Mechanical digestion occurs in the stomach. Q. Cholecystokinin, gastrin and secretin are produced by an enteroendocrine cells. R. Pancreas, small intestine and salivary glands produce digestive enzymes. S. Mucous neck cells, chief cells, parietal cells present in the stomach.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sure! Here is a step-by-step rationale for why answer choice D is correct: P. Mechanical digestion occurs in the stomach: This statement is correct as the stomach performs mechanical digestion through the churning and mixing of food with gastric juices. Q. Cholecystokinin, gastrin, and secretin are produced by enteroendocrine cells: This statement is correct as these hormones are indeed produced by enteroendocrine cells to regulate various digestive processes. R. Pancreas, small intestine, and salivary glands produce digestive enzymes: This statement is correct as these organs are key producers of digestive enzymes essential for breaking down food components. S. Mucous neck cells, chief cells, parietal cells are present in the stomach: This statement is correct as these are the types of cells found in the gastric glands of the stomach responsible for producing mucus, pepsinogen, and hydrochloric acid, respectively. In summary, all the statements in answer choice D
Question 2 of 5
A sudden decrease in blood volume would be met by increases in epinephrine, antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) and angiotensin II. What EFFECT would the increase in these three hormones ALL HAVE IN COMMON?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: vasoconstriction and increased total peripheral resistance. Epinephrine, antidiuretic hormone, and angiotensin II all act to increase vasoconstriction, leading to an increase in total peripheral resistance. This response is crucial during a sudden decrease in blood volume to maintain blood pressure and ensure adequate perfusion to vital organs. Choice A (increased heart rate) is not correct because while epinephrine can increase heart rate, antidiuretic hormone and angiotensin II do not directly affect heart rate. Choice B (increased fluid retention and blood volume) is not correct because antidiuretic hormone and angiotensin II can increase fluid retention, but epinephrine does not have this effect. Choice C (increased PNS activity) is not correct because these hormones actually stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) leading to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure, not the parasympath
Question 3 of 5
In preparing a client for a colonoscopy procedure, which task is most suitable to delegate to the nursing assistant?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Delegation Principle - The task should be within the nursing assistant's scope of practice. Step 2: NPO reinforcement is a basic instruction that does not require clinical judgment. Step 3: Nursing assistant can remind the client about NPO status without interpreting medical information. Step 4: Administering laxatives (C) and enema (D) require clinical judgment and should be done by licensed staff. Step 5: Explaining the need for clear liquids (A) involves providing medical information, not just a reminder.
Question 4 of 5
A client with a GI disorder has to undergo a barium swallow test. Which of the following diet restrictions are required prior to the test?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: NPO for 8 to 12 hours before the test. This is necessary to ensure the client's stomach is empty, allowing for clear visualization of the GI tract during the barium swallow test. NPO for a longer duration helps prevent any interference from food or liquids. Choice B is incorrect because 6-8 hours might not be sufficient for complete emptying of the stomach. Choice C is incorrect as maintaining normal fluid intake may lead to residual fluids in the stomach, affecting test accuracy. Choice D is unrelated to the test and does not impact the visualization of the GI tract.
Question 5 of 5
When monitoring the food intake of a client with Crohn's disease, the nurse observes that the client does not eat most of the food serve The nurse learns that the client finds the food unappetizing. Which of the following steps should the nurse take to address this issue?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Request the dietitian to suggest more acceptable food. This step is appropriate because it involves seeking help from a professional who can provide tailored dietary recommendations based on the client's preferences and restrictions. The dietitian can work with the client to identify foods that are both appetizing and suitable for managing Crohn's disease. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Explaining the benefits of eating the prescribed food may not address the client's issue of finding the food unappetizing. C: Providing total parenteral nutrition and lipid infusions is an extreme measure and should only be considered when all other options have been exhausted. D: Providing elemental diet formula and 5-ASA medications may not address the client's immediate concern of finding the food unappetizing.