ATI RN
Adult Health Nursing Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in antigen presentation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are responsible for presenting endogenous antigens, such as viral or intracellular proteins, to CD8+ T cells. These antigens are derived from within the cell, either synthesized within the cell itself or taken up from the cytoplasm. CD8+ T cells, also known as cytotoxic T cells, recognize antigens presented by MHC class I molecules and play a key role in cell-mediated immunity by destroying infected or abnormal cells.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with interstitial lung disease (ILD) develops progressive dyspnea, non-productive cough, and fine inspiratory crackles on auscultation. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest reveals diffuse reticular opacities and traction bronchiectasis. Which of the following ILD subtypes is most likely to present with these clinical and radiographic features?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation of a patient with progressive dyspnea, non-productive cough, fine inspiratory crackles, and HRCT findings of diffuse reticular opacities and traction bronchiectasis is highly suggestive of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). IPF is a specific subtype of ILD characterized by progressive scarring of the lung tissue, leading to the symptoms mentioned above. The presence of reticular opacities and traction bronchiectasis on HRCT is a typical finding in IPF.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for managing a patient with acute respiratory failure and hypercapnia due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a patient with acute respiratory failure and hypercapnia due to a COPD exacerbation, the most appropriate intervention is the initiation of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). NIPPV helps improve ventilation and oxygenation by providing mechanical support to the patient's breathing without the need for endotracheal intubation. It can reduce the work of breathing, decrease carbon dioxide retention, and improve respiratory muscle function. This intervention is particularly beneficial for COPD exacerbations as it can help alleviate hypercapnia and hypoxemia, leading to improved outcomes and potentially reducing the need for invasive ventilation methods. Therefore, NIPPV is the recommended management strategy in this scenario.
Question 4 of 5
A patient presents with recurrent episodes of venous thrombosis, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), despite no apparent provoking factors. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Factor V Leiden mutation is the most common inherited predisposition to venous thrombosis. In this condition, there is a specific mutation in the factor V gene (also known as factor V Leiden) that makes factor V resistant to inactivation by activated protein C. This resistance leads to excessive clot formation, increasing the risk of recurrent venous thrombosis like DVT and PE. Patients with Factor V Leiden mutation may have a history of recurrent unprovoked venous thrombosis at a young age. In comparison, antithrombin III deficiency, protein C deficiency, and protein S deficiency are other inherited thrombophilias that may increase the risk of venous thrombosis, but Factor V Leiden mutation is the most likely cause in this case based on the presentation of recurrent episodes without apparent provoking factors.
Question 5 of 5
A patient presents with pallor, fatigue, and dyspnea on exertion. Laboratory tests reveal a low hemoglobin level, low MCV, and elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW). Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.