Which of the following statements about vomiting is NOT true:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: It is initiated voluntarily , which is not true. The vomiting center is in the medulla oblongata (A is true), near the area postrema, coordinating the reflex via the nucleus tractus solitarius. Choice B is false; vomiting is an involuntary reflex, unlike swallowing, triggered by medullary signals (e.g., nausea from toxins), not cortical control. Choice C is true; it involvcranial nerve 8 (vestibular, motion sickness), 9 (glossopharyngeal, sensation), and 10 (vagus, motility), forming the reflex arc. Choice D is correct; vestibular input (e.g., dizziness via cranial nerve 8) stimulatvomiting, as in seasickness. Medullary lesions abolish vomiting, while cortical damage donot, confirming its involuntary nature. Thus, B is the untrue statement, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ventromedial hypothalamus is the feeding center , which is false. The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is the satiety center lesions cause overeating, not hunger stimulation (Anand & Brobeck, 1951). The lateral hypothalamus drivfeeding. Choice A is true; anxiety triggers overeating in overweight people via stress hormones. Choice C is correct; metabolic rate drops in deprivation to conserve energy, per starvation studies. Choice D is true; personality variwidely among overweight individuals, lacking a uniform type. is accurate; exercise burns calories, aiding weight loss, per clinical guidelines. Bs error revershypothalamic rolVMH damage causobesity, not feeding initiation making it the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Gender identity in humans is established at the age of 3 . Gender identity self-perception as male, female, or otherwise typically solidifiby age 3, per developmental psychology (e.g., Kohlberg). Choice A is false; gender role (social behaviors) differs from sexual orientation (attraction). Choice C is incorrect; stereotypstem from culture, not just hormones, though biology contributes. Choice D is wrong; gender is identity, not attraction (orientation). is false; societal attitudshape gender norms, as seen in cross-cultural studies. Bs truth is supported by milestonchildren express gender by 2-3, stable by 3-4 unlike the conflated or oversimplified claims of A, C, D, E, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Reaction formation , which is not a Big Five trait. The Big Five (OCEAN) are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (opposite of emotional stability, A). Reaction formation is a Freudian defense mechanism converting unwanted impulsinto opposit(e.g., hate to love) not a trait. ChoicA-D are core traits: emotional stability reflects calm vs. anxiety; extroversion sociability; openness imagination; agreeableness cooperation. psychoanalytic origin contrasts with the empirical, descriptive Big Five model (Costa & McCrae), used in personality research, making it the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Projective personality tests tap the unconscious . Tests like Rorschach or TAT elicit unconscious motivvia ambiguous stimuli, per psychoanalytic theory. Choice A is false; Sheldons somatotype-personality link lacks strong evidence. Choice C is incorrect; TAT is projective, not objective (e.g., MMPI is objective). Choice D is wrong; MMPI is a structured, objective inventory, not projective. is false; external locus of control tito luck or fate, not disbelief. Bs truth projective tests reveal hidden drives, validated in clinical use contrasts with the empirical or definitional errors of A, C, D, E, making it the correct answer.