ATI RN
Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following statements about insulin is true?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin lowers blood glucose by binding receptors, triggering GLUT4 transporters to move to cell membranes, enhancing uptake. It doesn't transport glucose, breaks glycogen (glucagon does), or act renally (reabsorption is passive). Facilitating transporter movement distinguishes insulin's mechanism, key to glucose regulation, contrasting with glycogenolysis or renal roles.
Question 2 of 5
A client with a history of hypertension is admitted due to primary hyperaldosteronism. This diagnosis indicates that the client's hypertension is caused by excessive hormone secretion from which gland?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome) involves excessive aldosterone from the adrenal cortex's zona glomerulosa, raising blood pressure via sodium retention and volume expansion. The pancreas regulates glucose (insulin/glucagon), not BP directly. The thymus produces thymosin for immunity, not hypertension-related hormones. The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine/norepinephrine, causing acute BP spikes, not chronic aldosterone-driven hypertension. Adrenal cortex's aldosterone excess distinguishes it, key to this pathology, unlike metabolic, immune, or catecholamine sources.
Question 3 of 5
Match the following treatment with its disorder- a. hyperthyroidism 1. Adrenal gland blockers, b. hypothyroidism 2. Iron rich drugs, c. goiter 3. levothyroxine, d. adrenal tumors 4. Beta blockers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism uses beta blockers (4) to manage symptoms (e.g., tachycardia); hypothyroidism requires levothyroxine (3) for hormone replacement; goiter may involve iron-rich drugs (2) if anemia-related, though iodine is typical; adrenal tumors (e.g., pheochromocytoma) use adrenal blockers (1) like alpha-blockers. The match 'a-4 b-3 c-2 d-1' aligns treatments to disorders, distinguishing therapeutic specificity, critical for endocrine management.
Question 4 of 5
What gland is located just superior to the kidneys?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adrenal glands rest atop the kidneys, secreting cortisol, aldosterone, and epinephrine for stress, electrolyte balance, and fight-or-flight. The pituitary, brain-based, oversees hormones. The pancreas, abdominal, manages glucose. Ovaries, pelvic in females, produce sex hormones, not above kidneys. Adrenals' suprarenal position and diverse outputs distinguish them, essential for adrenal-renal interactions, unlike distant or unrelated glands.
Question 5 of 5
Which of these hormones is made by the posterior pituitary?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is stored and released by the posterior pituitary, synthesized in the hypothalamus, regulating water balance. FSH, LH, and ACTH (follicle-stimulating, luteinizing, adrenocorticotropic hormones) are anterior pituitary products, driving reproduction and adrenal function. Posterior pituitary doesn't synthesize ADH's hypothalamic origin and storage role distinguish it, key to neurohypophyseal function, unlike anterior glandular outputs.