Which of the following statements about Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is true?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) It is characterized by tics and coprolalia. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics. Coprolalia, which is the involuntary utterance of obscene words or phrases, is a symptom that is often associated with this syndrome. This statement is true as coprolalia is a significant feature of Tourette syndrome in about 10-15% of cases. Option B) It is characterized by tics and encopresis is incorrect because encopresis refers to the involuntary passage of feces, which is not a characteristic symptom of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Option C) It is treated with haloperidol and methylphenidate is incorrect because while medications like haloperidol may be used to manage tics in some cases, treatment for Tourette syndrome is individualized and may involve behavioral therapies, counseling, and other medications depending on the specific symptoms and needs of the patient. Option D) It is a common disorder of childhood is incorrect because while Tourette syndrome is one of the more common neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting about 1% of the population, it is not considered a "common" disorder of childhood compared to other conditions like ADHD or autism. In an educational context, understanding the characteristics and treatment options for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is essential for healthcare professionals working with pediatric patients. By knowing the true symptoms and potential interventions for this disorder, healthcare providers can offer appropriate support and care to children and families affected by Tourette syndrome. It is important to dispel misconceptions and stereotypes surrounding this condition to provide accurate and compassionate care to those living with Tourette syndrome.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) separation anxiety disorder. Separation anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive fear or anxiety about separation from the attachment figures, leading to behaviors like refusing to go to school and physical complaints when separated. The child's symptoms of clinginess to the mother, reluctance to return to school, and physical complaints despite a normal physical exam point towards separation anxiety disorder. Option A) stranger anxiety is incorrect because it typically occurs in infants and young toddlers, not in a third-grade student who is already familiar with their environment and people around them. Option B) school anxiety is too broad and does not specifically address the attachment and separation issues seen in the case. Option C) stranger reaction does not fit the symptoms described and is not a recognized diagnosis. Understanding childhood anxiety disorders, such as separation anxiety disorder, is crucial for healthcare providers working with children and families. By recognizing the signs and symptoms early, healthcare professionals can provide appropriate support and interventions to help children overcome their anxieties and lead healthier lives. Early identification and management of separation anxiety disorder can prevent long-term emotional and behavioral issues in children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Hodgkin disease. Patients with Hodgkin disease have a higher risk of developing a second neoplasm compared to other types of primary malignancies. This increased risk is attributed to various factors such as genetic predisposition, exposure to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and impaired immune function. Option A) Soft tissue sarcoma and Option B) Cancers of bone are less likely to have a high cumulative incidence of a second neoplasm compared to Hodgkin disease. Soft tissue sarcomas and bone cancers are primary malignancies that typically do not predispose individuals to the development of a second malignancy at the same rate as Hodgkin disease. Option D) Leukemias, while also being primary malignancies, do not exhibit as high a risk for developing a second neoplasm compared to Hodgkin disease. The specific risk factors and biological mechanisms underlying the development of secondary neoplasms in leukemia patients differ from those in Hodgkin disease. In an educational context, understanding the risk of second neoplasms in different primary malignancies is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. This knowledge can inform surveillance strategies, survivorship care plans, and discussions with patients and their families about long-term health outcomes. It highlights the importance of considering individual cancer histories when managing pediatric oncology patients to provide comprehensive and personalized care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the management of childhood victims of biologic or chemical attacks is crucial. In this scenario, the very rapid onset of neuromuscular symptoms after an exposure should alert the clinician to consider nerve agent intoxication, making option B the correct answer. Nerve agents are potent chemical compounds that quickly affect the nervous system, leading to rapid onset of neuromuscular symptoms such as muscle paralysis, convulsions, and respiratory failure. In pediatric patients, prompt recognition and treatment of nerve agent intoxication are essential to prevent serious complications and death. Option A, botulism, is characterized by a slower onset of symptoms and is usually caused by ingesting contaminated food. It does not typically present with the rapid onset of neuromuscular symptoms seen in nerve agent exposure. Options C and D, chlorine and phosgene, are choking agents that primarily affect the respiratory system rather than causing rapid neuromuscular symptoms. While exposure to these chemicals can be serious, they do not align with the specific presentation described in the question. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of rapid assessment and critical thinking in pediatric emergencies involving chemical exposures. Understanding the unique manifestations of different types of chemical agents is essential for pediatric nurses to provide timely and effective care to young patients in crisis situations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding risk factors for conditions like allergic rhinitis is crucial for providing effective care. The correct answer is A) positive family history. This is because allergic rhinitis has a strong genetic component, making children with a family history of allergies more likely to develop the condition. Option B) serum IgA higher than 100 iu/ml is incorrect because elevated IgA levels are not a known risk factor for allergic rhinitis in children. Option C) alcoholic mother is incorrect as alcohol consumption by the mother is not directly linked to the development of allergic rhinitis in children. Option D) diabetic mother is also incorrect as maternal diabetes is not a recognized risk factor for allergic rhinitis specifically. Educationally, understanding the relationship between genetics and allergic conditions can help healthcare providers assess and manage pediatric patients more effectively. By recognizing the significance of family history in allergic rhinitis, nurses can provide tailored education and interventions to prevent and manage symptoms in at-risk children.