ATI RN
Genitourinary System Diseases Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following statement(s) about metronidazole is correct?:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because both statements (A and B) are accurate. A: Metronidazole is a first-line drug for amoebic dysentery and liver abscess due to its efficacy against Entamoeba histolytica. B: Metronidazole is a prodrug that gets activated to form nitro intermediates, which bind DNA and disrupt anaerobic microbial replication. Therefore, option D is correct as both A and B provide accurate information about metronidazole. Option C is incorrect as metronidazole is not specifically targeted to eradicating amoebic cysts from the colon.
Question 2 of 5
A-50-year-old man has a history of frequent episodes of renal colic with high calcium renal stones. The most useful agent in the treatment of recurrent calcium stones is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hydrochlorothiazide. It is a thiazide diuretic that reduces calcium excretion, preventing stone formation. Furosemide (A) and spironolactone (B) do not target calcium excretion specifically. Acetazolamide (D) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and not commonly used for calcium stones.
Question 3 of 5
A 55 year old man with kidney stones has been placed on a diuretic to decrease calcium excretion. However after a few weeks, he develops an attack of gout. Which diuretic is he taking?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hydrochlorothiazide. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that works by reducing calcium excretion and increasing uric acid levels, which can lead to gout attacks in susceptible individuals. Furosemide (choice A) is a loop diuretic that does not increase uric acid levels. Spironolactone (choice B) is a potassium-sparing diuretic and does not affect calcium or uric acid levels significantly. Triamterene (choice D) is also a potassium-sparing diuretic and does not impact calcium or uric acid levels in the same way as hydrochlorothiazide.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following new drug is indicated in managing SIADH, non – peptide and competitive antagonist of ADH’s water sparing effects in the collecting ducts of nephron?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Conivaptan. Conivaptan is a non-peptide competitive antagonist of ADH, indicated for managing SIADH by blocking ADH's water-sparing effects in the collecting ducts. Mannitol (A) is an osmotic diuretic used for reducing intracranial pressure, not specifically for SIADH. Bumetanide (B) is a loop diuretic used for conditions like heart failure and edema. Spironolactone (C) is a potassium-sparing diuretic used for conditions like hypertension and heart failure, not specifically for SIADH.
Question 5 of 5
Acetazolamide is not frequently used as diuretic but the current indication is in the treatment of:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production, making it effective in treating glaucoma. It is not commonly used as a diuretic due to its short duration of action and side effects. Therefore, choice C is correct. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as acetazolamide is not indicated for liver cirrhosis, CHF, or kidney failure. Liver cirrhosis typically requires diuretics to manage ascites, CHF is managed with loop diuretics, and kidney failure may require different types of diuretics based on the underlying cause.