ATI RN
Genitourinary Review of Systems Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following statement(s) about metronidazole is correct?: *
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B Rationale: 1. Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic that requires activation by bacterial reductases to form nitro intermediates. 2. These activated intermediates bind DNA, leading to DNA strand breakage and inhibition of anaerobic bacterial replication. 3. This mechanism of action makes metronidazole effective against anaerobic bacteria. 4. Choice A is incorrect as metronidazole is not the first-line drug for amoebic dysentery or liver abscess - it is mainly used for anaerobic infections. 5. Choice C is incorrect as metronidazole is not the most effective drug for eradicating amoebic cysts in the colon; other drugs like tinidazole are preferred for that purpose. 6. Choice D is incomplete and does not provide any information related to metronidazole's mechanism of action.
Question 2 of 5
A 70 year old man has severe urinary hesitancy associated with bPH. He has * tried alpha blockers with little effect. His physician recommends a drug that blocks 5α-reductase in the prostate which is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Finasteride. Finasteride inhibits 5-alpha reductase, reducing conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the prostate. This helps shrink the prostate gland, relieving urinary symptoms in BPH. Leuprolide (A) is a GnRH agonist used for prostate cancer. Flutamide (C) is an antiandrogen for prostate cancer. Ketoconazole (D) is an antifungal, not for BPH. Finasteride is the most appropriate choice for this patient based on mechanism of action and indication.
Question 3 of 5
A patient has very high plasma uric acid and has high risk of developing acute * uric acid nephropathy. Which of the following agent should be avoided?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acetazolamide. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that can worsen hyperuricemia by increasing renal uric acid reabsorption. This can further exacerbate the risk of acute uric acid nephropathy. Ethacrynic acid (A), Hydrochlorothiazide (C), and Furosemide (D) are loop diuretics that can actually help in reducing uric acid levels by increasing its excretion through the urine. Therefore, they would not be contraindicated in this scenario.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is being treated with furosemide and Digoxin because of CHF. She * developed UTI. Which of the following antibiotics should NOT be prescribed?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gentamycin. Gentamycin is not recommended in this case due to its potential for nephrotoxicity, especially in patients already receiving furosemide. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can also cause kidney damage, so combining it with Gentamycin increases the risk of further renal impairment. Cotrimoxazole (A) and Ampicillin (D) are commonly used antibiotics that do not have significant interactions with furosemide and Digoxin. Ciprofloxacin (B) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is generally safe to use in patients with CHF and UTI.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following statements about part of a nephron? antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is incorrect?
Correct Answer:
Rationale: The correct answer is A: renal pelvis. The renal pelvis is not directly related to the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the nephron. ADH regulates water reabsorption in the collecting duct of the nephron to maintain water balance in the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are all associated with the function of ADH in the nephron. ADH regulates the amount of water reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct, not the renal pelvis.